World War I: Causes, Development, Consequences, and Aftermath
1.Origen 1 gm
PEACE ARM. Germany 1890.1914 power rector of international politics thanks to Chancellor Bismarck. Sist devised.
austria alliances Russia and Italy. 2 objectives: to isolate France and balance in the Balkans. Guille2 the throne. More aggressive policies. Bism deposition. Armed peace: triple alliance alem, aust, it. Grancia, Russia gb entente. Russia abandons x problems in Balkans. Arms race.
ENF. POWERS BETWEEN ARMED.
colonial issues cause problems. Two crises in Morocco. Eastern
Spain’s Transition to Democracy
Transition Politics
After Franco’s Death
After Franco’s death, Juan Carlos was proclaimed King Juan Carlos I. Spain entered a period of transition from dictatorship to democracy. Differences between the “bunker” (hard-line Francoists) and the “aperturistas” (reformists) grew. Key figures among the aperturistas included Fraga and Adolfo Suárez. The liberal right-wing groups, rallying around figures like Gil Robles and Jiménez Ruiz, were weak and favored a monarchy under Juan Carlos I. Among the
Read MoreFranco’s Dictatorship in Spain
1. The Consolidation of Franco’s Dictatorship
Franco’s regime was not a transient military dictatorship. His intention was to banish any notion of liberalism, liberal democracy, and communism. The new regime concentrated all powers in the figure of the Head of State, General Franco.
A model of a single-party dictatorship was organized. The dismantling of all democratic institutions was evident. The dictatorship tried to project an image of legality with the enactment of a series of fundamental laws.
Read MoreThe Spanish-American War and the Loss of Spain’s Colonial Empire
The Spanish-American War and the Decline of the Spanish Empire
Spain’s Colonial Struggles
By the late 19th century, Spain’s colonial empire was facing significant challenges. The rise of new imperialist powers like Germany, France, Britain, and the United States threatened Spain’s remaining colonies. Unlike these powers, Spain’s late industrialization and military limitations hindered its ability to maintain its colonial possessions.
Cuba, in particular, had been a source of unrest for decades. The
Read MoreThe Second Spanish Republic: A Tumultuous Journey
Second Republic
Was proclaimed on 14 April 1931, is partly due to the results of municipal elections and the other due to the political crisis that led to the dictatorship of Alfonso XIII.
Provisional Government was formed a provisional government with politicians from different parties. Carries out a series of steps: 1 politico-
social, municipal decree in which you can not hire any laborer in the District, 8-hour workday, obligatory cultivation where land can not be idle. 2nd army reform law
The Restoration and the Turn of the Century in Spain (1874-1923)
The Political System Restoration (1874-1923)
Constitution of 1876
The ruling of General Martinez Campos in December 1874 brought about the restoration of the Bourbon monarchy with Alfonso XII. The new political system, shaped by Canovas del Castillo, aimed to establish a two-party system similar to Britain, with Conservative and Liberal parties alternating in power. Canovas envisioned civilian governments with the military remaining autonomous in their barracks.
The new Constitution of 1876, effective
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