The Second Spanish Republic: A Tumultuous Journey
Second Republic
Was proclaimed on 14 April 1931, is partly due to the results of municipal elections and the other due to the political crisis that led to the dictatorship of Alfonso XIII.
Provisional Government was formed a provisional government with politicians from different parties. Carries out a series of steps: 1 politico-
social, municipal decree in which you can not hire any laborer in the District, 8-hour workday, obligatory cultivation where land can not be idle. 2nd army reform law was enacted retirement, the academy suplime to Zaragoza and reduces the number of captains and generals. 3rd separate issues, the Catalans enacted as an independent state, the government calls them, but they get a provisional government called the Generalitat. 4th contitucion 1831, the government comboca corde constituent elections on 23 June 1831. Spain is defined as a democratic republic of workers of all kinds. Articles: Women Vote, vote universal.New division of powers, legislative power over others, creating a Court of Constitutional Guarantees, figure of the president of the republic that could veto the election of the church-state gobierno.Separacion, adopting freedom of worship and civil marriage, religious education is forbidden, takes to the Society of Jesus. These measures are trouble: In the church, due to burning combentos by radical Republicans, leading the Church’s hostility toward this form of government. With the CNT, causes general strike against government policy.
Biennium left, president of the republic Alcalá Zamora, charging Azana the formation of the government, leftist. Formed by Left Republicans, leave out the radical party. Does so because he thought it was important to have Republicans in the opposition, pro victory and had no impact on the future. Size:
politics public works. Politica education, it doubles the number of primary schools, we try ecolarizar all children, improving the working conditions of teachers, and create pedagogical mission calls.
Social Law. Religious matters are forbidden to exercise ecclesiastical teaching of religious law.
Agrarian reform, had two alternatives, a technical reform to achieve greater productivity, social reform is a major division of the land, the republic pretended to meet two objectives, greater emphasis on social, policy of expropriation by indegnizaciones in undeveloped lands by their owners or agents and are distributed to the tenants in ariendo regime, the IRA was commissioned, the goal is not achieved.
autonomic state, approving the statute of autonomy for Catalonia and the Basque Country, Galicia and fails to occur. Problems:
political opposition, by the monarchical and military, agribusiness and the right to be mobilized around a national action llmado party led by Gil Robles. Attempted coup by General Sanjurjo.Oposicion by the phalanx. The political crisis will be over, the derecah come together to create the CEDA.
Opposition social workers are targeted by anarchists decontentos by the government. In an event occurs Andalucia Old House “Benalup”, there is an anarchist protest by farmers and the government sends Azana Assault guards and using force, and killed many peasants, having much impact and is government image badly damaged. Strikes occur. As Azana resigns and Alcalá Zamora dissolved the Parliament and call an election by winning the CEDA.
Two-year right, the radical party of Alexander and CEDA Leroux wins the elections. Alejandro Leroux form a government with the support of the CEDA, the instability was constant. Action: Try to stop the reforms of the previous biennium without proposing an alternative. Lands are returned to the nobility, slow land reform clash with Catalan and Basque autonomy. Problems:
Political, part of the game because you disagree is not respected republican principles. CEDA does not agree because there has to be more moderate.
Social, social unrest increases. Join the UGT and CNT. The reaction of the rest of the Republican parties do not want to CEDA in government, traiendo many protests will lead to the rev. D d October 1934, Top N pro was ligeramnt controlled Madrid. N Asturias however was more serious, the workers kn anarchists and communists proclaim a communist indpndient tate. K dl government troops ntran n Asturias are directed x Franco. In Catalonia the autonomic presidnt Luis Companys, do hereby proclaim the republic tate d catalan Spanish Fedral sto exceeded bequeath stablished under statute nl.
End of the biennium, governments increasingly unstable radicals. The other presidents last only a short time and appointed Zamora Acalá Portela Valladares and calls elections for 16 February 1936, ARISING muxo grands blokes parties grouped No CEDA yl Popular Front.
Popular Front parties divided preset muxos CEDA No two groups and the Popular Front. Change No government tniendo km presidnt d Azana Republic and appoints km presidnt dl Casares Quiroga government. Measurements: Back to the reforms occurred during the biennium d left. Liberal political prisoners. Reinstatement Catalan autonomy. D Recupracion land reforms. Sta forming x Republicans without joining the socialists. Problem: You have opposition x part d izkierda km x part d the drex. The left d cause strikes, demonstrations .. X part d Derex Falange party, national blok ..
The violence was the main political weapon. A broad sector k dl staban army felt threatened their interbeing corporate interess d its class, the concept d Spain and the social order. These Franco, Godee, Mola along political kn d Derex Gil Robles. Calvo Sotelo pretndieron k d Portela prevent the transfer powers to the Popular Front. Prepare a statement, chaired x Sanjurjo. And the government d Azana and Casares Quiroga, not paid to the preparation d atncion that sublemacion. Planning a quick and violent coup d can stablish a military dictatorship. The acontcimientos k dtrminan what was the murder Calvo Sotelo d d assault forces x, x the murder occurred Lt. Castillo. July 17, 1936 will start the military Revelion n Melilla, Ceuta and Morocco, and 18 n Spain, and dsmboca not win a Civil War.