19th Century Spain: Wars, Politics, and Key Figures
War of the Convention (1793-1795)
Conflict between Spain and Revolutionary France.
Peace of Basel (1795)
Treaties signed between France and Prussia, and France and Spain, establishing peace with Revolutionary France.
Treaty of Fontainebleau (1807)
Agreement between Napoleon Bonaparte and Austria, Russia, and Prussia during the Napoleonic Wars.
Mutiny of Aranjuez (1808)
Popular uprising in Aranjuez, Madrid.
Napoleon Bonaparte
French military and political leader during the French Revolution and Directory.
Read More19th Century Nationalism and Imperialism in Europe
Theme 4
INPERIOAKEUROPA Nations and the Middle Ages and Modern Age, said the nation was born in the same place and the people who were under the same monarch. XIX.
mendean national terms, he took a political meaning. People began to ask the boundaries of the states had to make a race-limits, the limits of language, historical … Limit of two conceptions of nationalism were the cultural conception of French: The concept proposed by the German defense and policy. Alemaniarrentzako the right to organize
The Carlist Wars and the Reign of Isabel II
1. The Carlist Wars
1.1. The Causes of Conflict
The Foral Question: The question of succession, the ideological confrontation, and broad social support fueled the conflict.
1.2. Supporters of Carlism and Their Motives
- Peasants feared becoming laborers or tenants of large landowners.
- Lower nobility in northern Spain felt threatened by the disappearance of primogeniture and tax exemptions.
- Conservative sectors of the Church opposed measures like disentailment and the suppression of religious orders.
- Artisan
19th Century European Revolutions & Unification of Italy & Germany
Revolutionary Wave
This period began with the Trienio Liberal (1820-1823) in Spain and spread to other Mediterranean countries, Portugal, and Spanish America, where many territories gained independence from Spain. Key features:
- Anti-absolutism and nationalism
- New forms of struggle, including liberal-inspired secret societies (Freemasons, Carbonari)
- The army’s role in supporting or suppressing uprisings
- Failure of revolutions due to internal reaction or intervention by the Holy Alliance
Spain, Portugal,
Read MoreSpanish History: From War of Succession to Carlist Wars
The War of Succession (1700-1714)
The War of Succession arose from the childless death of Charles II and his appointment of Philip V of the Bourbon dynasty as his successor. Charles of Austria, also linked to the throne, contested this decision, leading to an international conflict. France and Spain supported Philip V, while Britain, Holland, and Portugal backed Austria. The war also had a civil war aspect within Spain, with Castile and Aragon divided in their support for the two claimants. The
Read MoreA Concise History of Catalonia and the World
Prehistory
Paleolithic (2,000,000 to 10,000 BC)
They used carved stone (Paleo: old) (lithos: stone).
Neolithic (10,000 to 3,500 BC)
Humans began to move stones and develop primitive agriculture. Humans became sedentary.
Ancient History (3500 BC – 476 AD)
Development of writing and the first urban civilizations. River Civilizations:
- Egypt (Nile)
- Mesopotamia (Tigris and Euphrates)
- China (Yellow)
- India (Indus)
Medieval History (476 AD – 1492 AD)
476 AD: Fall of the Western Roman Empire. 1492 AD: Discovery of America.
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