Spanish Constitution of 1876: Key Articles and Historical Context
The Constitution of 1876
We find a text of a political nature, focusing on selected articles of the Constitution of 1876. This constitution was written shortly after the restoration of the Bourbons to the Spanish throne. The new king, Alfonso XII, son of Elizabeth II, was proclaimed King of Spain after the military coup of General Martinez Campos on December 29, 1874. The successive attempts to stabilize the country during the Revolutionary Sexenio (Monarchy, Republic, and Authoritarian Republic)
Read MoreSpain’s Political and Social Crisis (1917-1923): From System Decomposition to Military Coup
Spain’s Political and Social Crisis (1917-1923)
System Decomposition (1917-1923)
Between 1917 and 1923, the failure of governments to deeply reform the political system, coupled with significant social unrest and political tensions stemming from the Moroccan War, resulted in the collapse of the Restoration regime.
The Political Breakdown
The Restoration regime’s decay stemmed from the dynastic parties’ lack of interest in political renewal. From 1917 onwards, the frequent use of concentration governments,
Read MorePost-War Spain (1939-1975): Politics, Economics, and Society
Post-War Spain (1939-1975): A Societal Overview
Origins of the Franco State
Initially, the rebels lacked a political plan to replace republican institutions. However, Franco’s success with the African army, his skill in securing aid from Germany and Italy, and the absence of significant rivals allowed him to consolidate broad political and military power.
- Success leading the African army
- Securing material aid from Germany and Italy
- Lack of powerful rivals
Ideological Sources and Influences
Fascism: Franco’
Read MoreSpain’s 1868 Revolution: A Turning Point
Revolution of 1868
Understanding the revolutionary explosion of 1868 requires analyzing a complex range of factors:
Political Crisis
The political system of the 1860s stifled progress and by 1868, power resided with a small clique around Queen Isabella II and her husband. The system’s decay is evident in the rise of the Progressive Democratic Party, challenging the legitimacy of the Elizabethan constitutional framework. Internal divisions within the Liberal Union and the Moderate Party further weakened
Read MoreSpain’s 1868 Revolution: A Democratic Turning Point
The 1868 Revolution: A Democratic Turning Point in Spain
5.1. Causes of the Revolution
The economic and political crises converged after 1860, destabilizing Spain under Isabel II. Unprofitable railway investments triggered a financial crisis, impacting the stock market and public debt. A coinciding industrial downturn, exacerbated by the American Civil War’s impact on cotton prices, further strained the economy. Poor harvests from 1866-1868 led to a food crisis, escalating wheat prices and widespread
Read MoreSpain’s Socioeconomic Transformation in the 1960s
Change of Mentality in the Second Franco Era
This analysis examines a passage by W.L. Bernecker in the book “Spain in Exchange,” published in Madrid in 2009. The text discusses the second stage of Franco’s rule (1959-1975), focusing on the shift in Spanish mentality during the 1960s, particularly regarding migration and education.
Economic Development and the Baby Boom
The 1960s in Spain witnessed a significant baby boom, coinciding with economic development. This growth was supported by government
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