Fascism’s Rise in Interwar Europe: Italy’s Case

The Rise of Fascism

The inter-war period (1918-1939) was an unstable time. In this context, fascism emerged as ultra-nationalist movements with common characteristics and peculiarities. Political parties were created and came to power in Italy in 1922 and in Germany in 1933, ultimately leading to the Second World War in 1939. The USSR was seen as a threat by the liberal capitalist system and promoted the labor movement. Following the First World War, there was an economic and social crisis.

Crisis

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Chilean Politics: Conservative and Liberal Republics (1831-1891)

Conservative Political Project (1831-1861)

In 1830, the two most important political factions in Chile, conservatives and liberals, clashed militarily at Lircay. During this period of political learning, these differences and their opposing projects for the country led to the triumph of the conservatives. This marked the beginning of a period of great change in Chile, known as the Conservative Republic.

Presidents and Their Governments:

  • 1831-1841: José Joaquín Prieto
  • 1841-1851: Manuel Bulnes
  • 1851-1861:
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US History: Abolitionism, Expansion, and the Civil War

1. Humanitarian

A person who seeks to promote human welfare.

2. Transcendentalists

A person who accepts these ideas not as a religious belief but as a way of understanding life relationships.

3. Ralph Waldo Emerson

Led the Transcendentalist movement.

4. Henry David Thoreau

Abolitionist; New England Transcendentalist.

5. Communitarian

Philosophy that emphasizes the connection between the individual and the community.

6. Shakers

The society of believers in Christ’s second appearing.

  • Mother Ann Lee was the founder
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Franco’s Regime in Spain: A Historical Analysis (1939-1975)

**1. Early Years of Franco’s Regime (1939-1950)**

Since 1939, a series of factors came together during this time period:

  1. The country had to be reformed.
  2. The new political system had to be stabilized.
  3. International incidents and conflicts had to be addressed according to foreign policy.

**International Policy: Isolation**

*Attitude During World War II*

Spain’s attitude during World War II changed as the war progressed. Initially, Spain declared itself neutral due to the harsh economic situation. When the

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European Revolutions and Unifications: 18th and 19th Centuries

The Events of the French Revolution

  • 1789: The Beginning of the Revolution
    • The Summoning of the Estates-General
    • The Tennis Court Oath
    • The Storming of the Bastille
    • The National Constituent Assembly
    • The Declaration of the Rights of Man
  • Constitutional Monarchy / Phases of the Revolution
    • 1789: Abolition of the Ancien Régime
    • 1789: The First Constitution of France
  • Democratic Republic
    • 1792: Proclamation of the Republic
    • 1793: The Execution of Louis XVI
    • 1793: The Period of the “Right of Terror”
  • Bourgeois Republic
    • 1795:
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Franco’s Dictatorship in Spain: Ideology and Social Impact

Ideological Foundations and Social Support of Franco’s Regime

1. Introduction

The dictatorship of Francisco Franco emerged during the Spanish Civil War and continued after the victory over the Republican army. While authoritarian regimes were booming in Europe, the Spanish Civil War ended on April 1, 1939, resulting in the establishment of a military dictatorship. Republicans faced exile, imprisonment, or concentration camps. The Franco regime lasted until 1975.

From 1939 to 1975, the political regime

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