Renaissance and Humanism: A Historical Perspective
Lesson 13: The Renaissance
Renaissance and Humanism
Conceptual Problems Regarding the Renaissance
In the sixteenth century, Giorgio Vasari (1511-1574) used the term Rinascita to define the cultural movement that had occurred in Italy. This marked the revival of Classicism and the renewal of man and his environment.
After a period of heightened romantic admiration for the Middle Ages, the mid-nineteenth century saw a radical change of direction. Apologies were made for having yielded to what was called
Read MoreRussian, Habsburg, and Ottoman Empires: 19th-Century Transformations
The Russian Empire
Ethnic Diversity
We found a vast empire with a will of expansion. The boundaries were marked by the Congress of Vienna, and there was great ethnic diversity:
- In the Baltic regions spanning Finland, Karelia, Estonia, and Livonia.
- In the center, much of Poland (the richest), including the capital, Warsaw.
- In the South, there is the Prut River, which delimits Russian Warsaw and Romanian Moldova.
They wanted to be bigger; the weather has defined their history. It is a small empire in terms
Read MoreManifest Destiny and Sectionalism in 19th Century America
I. Manifest Destiny
- A. What is it?
- The belief that the United States was destined by God to expand westward across North America.
- This expansion was seen as a way to spread American ideals such as democracy, liberty, and capitalism.
- B. What did it result in?
- Led to the annexation of territories such as Texas, Oregon, and California.
- Created tensions over slavery and territorial disputes, which fueled sectionalism between the North and South.
II. Expansion Under the Polk Presidency
- A. Texas
- 1. What happened
The Second Spanish Republic: From Reform to Civil War (1931-1936)
The Center-Right Biennium (1933-1935)
At this stage, the Republic, initially propelled by leftist and Republican sectors, fell into the hands of a right-wing coalition that believed in democracy, but perhaps less in the Republic itself. This shift occurred as a direct result of the decisions expressed by the Spanish people at the polls. Major reforms undertaken by Azaña were halted and reversed, leading to extreme radicalization of leftist and nationalist forces. These two years of center-right
Read MoreWorld War II: Causes, Consequences, and the Rise of Fascism
Causes of World War II
Nazi-Fascist Expansionism: The economic crisis of the 1930s and the arrival of Hitler led to the abandonment of the Conference on Disarmament in 1933, the annexation of the Saarland in 1935, and compulsory military service. A series of localized conflicts showed the weakness of Western democracies: the Italian invasion of Ethiopia in 1935-1936, the re-militarization of the Rhineland in 1936, and the Spanish Civil War of 1936-1939. At the same time, a closer relationship between
Read MoreRenaissance: Society, Politics, and the Rise of Nations
Historical and Social Characteristics of the Renaissance
The 15th century brought about events that changed the course of history. Human thought is contradictory, and in the case of the Spanish, this is very accentuated. A new way of organizing society into nations emerged, lasting until the 20th and 21st centuries. Now, the aim is to change the social organization from some nations to a European grouping similar to that of the United States.
Transition from Feudalism to Nation-States
In the 15th century,
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