Spain and the World: Restoration, Wars, and Cold War
RESTORATION: Restoration in a country’s political regime that existed and had been replaced by another. Aviation DISASTER: Loss of 98 of the last Spanish colonies. TURNISMO: Was based on the peaceful alternation of parties in power. CRISIS of 1917, both political and military reasons, the increase in social issues, new constitution and salary increases. MILITARY DIRECTORY: Directory comprising military and civilian government formed. AGRARIAN REFORM: Fairer distribution of land ownership. CEDA:
Read MoreCánovas System & the Loss of the Spanish Colonies
The Bourbon Restoration and the Cánovas System
ITEM 5: Plan of the Restoration and the Cánovas System. Summary:
The reign of Alfonso XII, and thus the restoration of the monarchy, began after the coup of Martínez Campos in favor of the son of Elizabeth II, and through the Manifest of Sandhurst. This ended the First Spanish Republic.
The reign began in 1874. Upon his death in 1885, his son, Alfonso XIII, inherited the crown. As he was not yet of age, his mother, Maria Cristina of Hapsburg, was proclaimed
Read MoreThe Crisis of the Restoration in Spain (1898-1923)
The Crisis of the Restoration (1898-1923)
From 1898 to 1923, the Restoration period in Spain went into crisis. Several factors contributed to this:
- The monarchy lost prestige.
- Opposition forces grew.
- Losses in colonial wars.
- Increased social conflict.
The Spanish-American War (1898)
In 1898, the United States defeated Spain in Cuba and the Philippines.
Problems in Cuba:
- Cuban ranchers were dissatisfied because the Spanish government would not allow trade with the U.S., forcing them to buy Spanish products.
Weimar Republic, 1929 Crisis, Russian Revolution, and WWII
Weimar Republic and the 1929 Crisis
The Weimar Republic faced a severe economic crisis and hyperinflation. It was threatened by leftist movements and right-wing coups.
The 1929 Stock Market Crash
Stock prices became inflated, exceeding their real value. This led to a massive sell-off, causing prices to plummet. People and banks were ruined, consumption decreased, and poverty increased.
The New Deal
President Roosevelt implemented the New Deal, advocating for state intervention to revitalize the economy.
Read MoreRussian Revolution: Causes and Consequences
Causes of the Russian Revolution
- The situation of oppression and poverty to which the Russian peasantry had been sentenced for a long time, supporting with their lives the absolutist command of the Tsarist monarchy.
- The successive defeats of the First World War that Russia suffered, added to the fact that, at the time of entering the conflict, all parties were in favor except the Social Democratic Labor Party.
- In addition, the failure to sustain the Russian production rate during the war unleashed
Isabel II Reign: Moderates, Progressives & Political Instability
Isabel II’s Reign: Moderates and Progressives (1843-1868)
After ascending to the throne, Isabel II showed a preference for the Moderados (Moderates). This began a long period of Moderate dominance. The Progresistas (Progressives) chose *seclusion*, refusing to participate in elections, and prepared statements supported by popular insurrections.
The Moderate Decade (1844-1854)
In May 1844, a cabinet headed by General Narváez, the leading figure of the Moderates, was formed. Key actions during the following
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