Primo de Rivera’s Dictatorship: Causes, Military Rule, Morocco
The Dictatorship of Primo de Rivera (1923-1931)
Causes of the Coup and Military Directory (1923-1925)
Objectives and Motivations of the Coup
Primo de Rivera staged a coup in Barcelona on 13 September 1923. Almost overnight, with little prior indication in the press and without bloodshed, he dominated the situation in the Catalan capital, a key area of Spanish politics at the time. The government was unable to react and appealed to the monarch, Alfonso XIII, who hesitated but ultimately supported the
Read MoreCadiz Courts & the Constitution of 1812: A Turning Point
Cadiz Courts and the Constitution of 1812
Process Leading to the Formation of the Courts
While the Spanish War of Independence unfolded, two power structures emerged in Spain:
- Official Power: Joseph Bonaparte, governing based on a constitution.
- Popular Power: The people, assuming sovereignty through local and provincial boards. These were directed by a Supreme Central Board, presided over by Floridablanca, governing on behalf of Ferdinand VII in his absence.
The Supreme Junta Central had two primary
Read MoreSpanish Succession War, Enlightenment, Napoleon, and Industrial Revolution
Spanish War of Succession (1700-1714)
Causes:
- Charles II died childless (1700). Philip V (Bourbon) crowned King of Spain.
- War: Prince Charles of Austria also claimed the throne of Spain.
- France did not want to be surrounded by Habsburgs.
- England and Austria (Grand Alliance) fought against Philip V, joined by Portugal, The Netherlands, and the Kingdom of Savoy.
- The Crown of Aragón, fearing French centralisation, supported the Habsburgs.
Consequences:
International
- European powers signed the peace treaties
World War I: Imperialism, Causes, and Global Impact
World War I and Imperialism
The First World War (WWI) was significantly influenced by imperialism. Imperialism was driven by several factors in the late nineteenth century:
Causes of Late Nineteenth-Century Imperialism
- Economic Factors: Colonies provided natural resources and raw materials essential for industrialization. Public funds were used to promote economic colonization.
- Demographic Factors: Overcrowding in countries like Great Britain led to overproduction. Colonies served as a means to alleviate
Franco’s Rise: Politics and Consequences of the Spanish Civil War
Evolution of Politics in the Rebel Zone
EVOLUTION POLITIKA rebel zone.
dl the provisional organization uprising: In the beginning of the war, the uprising was similar to a classic military coup aimed at overthrowing the government. In the first weeks there was not any common political project between the insurgents, except to create a military power to annul legislation (agricultural, lay and professional) of the Popular Front and lead the systematic repression of those who supported the Republican
Read MoreFrench Revolution and Restoration Europe: Causes and Stages
French Revolution: Causes and Stages
Causes: Political and Ideological: The Enlightenment provided the theoretical basis for ending absolutism, and the American Revolution demonstrated that these ideas could be implemented.
Social: Widespread social discontent:
- The nobility and clergy had lost power due to royal absolutism and faced financial difficulties due to high expenses.
- The bourgeoisie lacked political influence, and economic activities were hampered by mercantilism.
- The peasantry lived in subsistence