The End of Franco’s Dictatorship: Transition and Uncertainties
The End of the Dictatorship
Following the assassination of Carrero Blanco, a new government, led by Carlos Arias Navarro, was formed. This government signaled an intention to maintain uncompromising positions. Notably, for the first time, there were no members of Opus Dei in the government. Arias Navarro’s primary focus was to maintain public order and suppress the opposition. The concept of ‘asociacionismo’ was discussed as a means to reform the Franco regime, involving the transformation of various
Read MoreMaria Cristina’s Regency (1833-1840) and Spanish Liberalism
The Regency of Maria Cristina (1833 – 1840)
In September 1833, Ferdinand VII died. The government was left to his widow, Maria Cristina, during the minority of her daughter, the future Queen Elizabeth II.
From a year earlier, she began to lay the groundwork for what was an internal transition, directed from an absolute state structure.
However, under pressure from the apostles, the Regent could only keep the crown for her daughter by joining her fate to that of the moderate liberals.
But the government
Read MorePolitical Organization in 19th Century Spain
Following the death of Ferdinand VII, the period between 1834 and 1868 witnessed a significant transformation of the political and economic structures of Spanish society. The years 1833-1843 saw the establishment of the roots of Spanish parliamentarianism. A constitutional system was implemented, and the legal and economic foundations of the Ancien Régime were dismantled. Liberalism experienced internal divisions, leading to the emergence of political parties. From 1843 to 1868, moderate liberals
Read MoreEnglish Language Roots in Early America: Roanoke to Plymouth
Roanoke, North Carolina
Sir Walter Raleigh explored what they called “the new world.” Raleigh was Queen Elizabeth’s special favorite. It was his guidance and inspiration that led to the first English-speaking communities in the New World.
- 1584: An expedition commissioned by Walter Raleigh establishes a small settlement on Roanoke Island (current North Carolina). Those settlers disappeared and are known as “the lost colony.”
The Spread of English to America
Raleigh and Elizabeth intended that
Read MoreThe Devastating Consequences of World War II
The effects of World War II were devastating. The end of the war signified a definitive decline for Europe. The destructive power of new weapons and the determination of both sides of the conflict to continue until the end, regardless of human life, explain why World War II is considered the greatest catastrophe known to humankind. The conflict extended worldwide, and the concept of a safe rear disappeared.
The effects included the squatting of Nazi and Japanese territories, brutal and massive bombing
Read MoreGreek Art: Archaic, Classical, and Hellenistic Periods
Greece – Historical-Artistic Introduction
Greek art is divided into three main periods:
- Archaic Age (8th-6th century BC)
- Classical Age (5th-4th century BC)
- Hellenistic Period (3rd-1st century BC)
Geographically, Greek art affected not only the Balkans but spread throughout Asia Minor, the Aegean Islands, the south of the Italian peninsula (Magna Graecia), and the Western Mediterranean (French and Spanish coasts). In Spain, the two major Greek cities were Roses and Empúries.
Some features of Greek civilization
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