Spain’s Second Republic: The Right in Power (1933-1935)
The Right in Power: The Black Biennium (1933-1935)
The Spanish right, a minority in the 1931 constituency, was discredited and disorganized due to political failures in solving the country’s problems and its inherent conservatism. From the summer of 1931, the first attempts to rebuild a party emerged through the newspaper “El Debate,” directed by Angel Herrera, focusing on the defense of religion, family, order, and property. The possibility of an Agrarian Reform Law, the government’s religious policy,
Read MoreKey Conflicts: Gulf War, Apartheid, Prague Spring & China War
The Gulf War (1990-1991)
The Persian Gulf War, also known as the Gulf War, took place from 1990 to 1991 between Iraq and an international coalition of 34 nations led by the United States. This conflict was a direct response to Iraq’s invasion and annexation of Kuwait. The US-led campaign to liberate Kuwait was called Operation Desert Storm. In Iraq, the war is often referred to as “Um M’a?rak” – “The Mother of all battles.”
The war began with Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait on August 2, 1990. The United
Read MoreUnderstanding WWII and the Cold War: Key Events and Impacts
World War II
Causes:
- Crisis of 1929
- German desire for revenge
- Rise of fascist and totalitarian ideologies
Triggers:
- Berlin: Invasion of Austria and Czechoslovakia
- Rome: Invasion of Ethiopia
- Tokyo: Invasion of Manchuria; Hitler’s invasion of Poland
Contenders:
- Allies: France, Britain, USA, USSR
- Axis Powers: Italy, Germany, Japan
Peace Conference (1945):
- Establishment of the UN (United Nations) to promote peace and human rights.
- Declaration of Human Rights (1948).
- 1946: The USSR recovers Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia,
Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia: Art, Culture, and History
Egypt
Egypt is located in northern and northwestern Africa, in the Middle East, bordered on the north by the Mediterranean Sea, on the east by Israel and the Red Sea, and on the southwest by Sudan and Libya.
The country has a maximum length from north to south of 1,085 km and a maximum width, near the southern border, of about 1,255 km, with an area of 1,000,000 km2. Cairo is the capital and largest city of Egypt.
Egyptian Iconography
The imagery continues to revolve around the pharaoh and his family;
Read MorePhilip II of Spain: Reign and Challenges (1556-1598)
Philip II (1556-1598)
Philip II was King of Spain, Portugal, Naples, Sicily, Sardinia, England, and Ireland, Duke of Milan, Duke of Burgundy, and sovereign owner of the Low Countries. In 1556, Charles V abdicated in favor of his son, Philip II, granting him Castile, Aragon, Flanders, the Duchy of Milan, and Franche-Comte. The Imperial title and Austria were given to Ferdinand I, Charles V’s brother and Philip II’s uncle.
Portuguese Succession
In 1578, the King of Portugal, a cousin of Philip II, died
Read MoreSpanish Constitution of 1978: Genesis and Key Features
The Spanish Constitution of 1978
The Spanish Constitution, adopted by referendum on December 6th and promulgated on December 29th, 1978, is a foundational text framed during Spain’s historical transition from dictatorship to a democratic, parliamentary monarchy. It was developed by representatives of various political parties represented in the Constituent Assembly formed for this purpose and is addressed to the Spanish nation, ensuring its public dissemination.
Creation of a New Democratic State
This
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