Catholic Monarchs: Foreign and Internal Policies
Foreign Policy of the Catholic Monarchs
They had two main strategies:
Political marriages of their children with heirs of monarchs in European courts.
Military interventions of conquest in the Mediterranean, especially in the Italian peninsula and North Africa by Aragon.
Marriages of their children:
Elizabeth married Prince Alfonso of Portugal, and later Manuel I of Portugal, her first cousin.
John was very sick, but they married him to Margarita, the daughter of the King of Austria. He died at age 18.
Tragic Week: Deaths, Destruction, and Political Fallout
The Tragic Week: Deaths, Destruction, and Political Fallout
Implications:
The events resulted in significant deaths, injuries, and destruction.
- Deaths: 3 soldiers and 75 civilians (including anarchists and religious figures)
- Destruction: 40 buildings, primarily churches, monasteries, libraries, and some bourgeois houses and colleges, were damaged or destroyed.
- Suppression: The suppression occurred during detention. 1700 people were arrested, with some facing trial. Others were imprisoned, and 5 were
Spain’s Tumultuous Late 19th Century: From Revolution to Restoration
1866 (Ostende Pact) 17.9 / 1868 (Troops revolted and Admiral Topete in Cadiz to! Live with honor Spain). Uprisings occurred in Catalonia, Andalusia, and Valencia. Uprising in the cities (Death to the Bourbons). Isabella II abdicates. A provisional government (progressive + unionists) led by General Serrano was formed. Winning elections are called liberals. Political program (suppression of lottery for military service and consumption tax).
1869 (The Constitution) National sovereignty, parliamentary
Read MoreKey Characteristics of the Enlightenment Movement
3-The Enlightenment was less a philosophical movement than an intellectual current.
The main characteristics of this movement are illustrated:
- In the religious sphere, the Enlightenment advocated religious tolerance. Many enlightened deists maintained natural religion, the theory that natural reason underlies the belief in the existence of a God who created the world. Natural religion is opposed to religious dogma and ensures an agreement on matters of faith and religious tolerance among all human
Islam’s Rise and Medieval Europe: A Concise History
The Emergence of Islam in Arabia
In the seventh century, Islam emerged in Arabia. Mecca was an important religious center, home to the Kaaba, a black stone. Muhammad was born in Mecca in 570. At age 25, he married and had three sons and four daughters. The Archangel Gabriel announced that he was the new prophet of Allah and was to preach a religion based on submission to the divine will. He was persecuted for his beliefs, so he left Mecca for Medina in 622; this event is known as the Hegira. By his
Read MoreThe Glorious Revolution and First Spanish Democracy (1868-1874)
The Glorious Revolution
The Six-Year Period in Spain (1868-1874) was a time of significant political change. The term ‘canton’ refers to a territorial and administrative division characterized by a substantial degree of political autonomy.
The press of the time lampooned the political situation during the Spanish administration.
C. Constitution promulgated between 1808 and 1874.
A. Included progressives, led by General Prim; the Liberal Union, led by General Serrano; Republicans; and Democrats. In September
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