English Vocabulary Units 4 & 5
VOCABULARY UNIT 4
Phrasal Verbs
- Hold somebody back – Stop somebody from doing something / Impedir a algú fer alguna cosa, retenir algú
- Chase – Run after / perseguir
- Keep track of – Continue to be informed about something or somebody /Seguir a primera línia, controlar
- Let somebody down – Disappoint somebody by failing to do what you agreed to do or were expected to do/ decebre, fallar
- Catch up with – Succeed in reaching a person who is ahead of you / Atrapar, agafar, posar-se al dia
- Sit out – Not to
Understanding the Passive Voice in English Grammar
Understanding the Passive Voice
Forming the Passive Voice in Different Tenses
Simple Present: Mary helps the boy -> The boy is helped by Mary
Present Progressive: Mary is helping the boy -> The boy is being helped by Mary
Present Perfect: Mary has helped the boy -> The boy has been helped by Mary
Simple Past: Mary helped the boy -> The boy was helped by Mary
Past Perfect: Mary had helped the boy -> The boy had been helped by Mary
Simple Future: Mary will help the boy -> The boy will be
Read MoreEnglish Grammar Guide: Tenses, Voice, Conditionals, and More
English Grammar Guide
Verb Tenses
Present Simple
Used for habitual actions or routines.
- Affirmative: I/you work, he works
- Negative: Don’t/doesn’t work
- Interrogative: Do/does I/he work?
Signal words: Always, usually, generally, regularly, occasionally, frequently, often, sometimes, rarely, seldom, never, at 1 o’clock, at night, in the morning, on Fridays, every week, once a month, how often…?
Present Continuous
Used for actions happening now or planned future actions.
- Affirmative: I’m singing, you are singing,
Regular Verb Conjugation Chart: English to Spanish
Infinitive, Present Tense, Past Tense, Past Participle, Gerund, Spanish
| Infinitive | Present Tense | Past Tense | Past Participle | Gerund | Spanish |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| to open | opened | opened | opened | opening | abrir |
| to accept | accepted | accepted | accepted | accepting | aceptar |
| to love | loved | loved | loved | loving | amar |
| to learn | learned | learned | learned | learning | aprender |
| to hurry | hurried | hurried | hurried | hurrying | apresurarse |
| to dare | dared | dared | dared | daring | atreverse |
| to help | helped | helped | helped | helping | ayudar |
| to dance | danced | danced | danced | dancing | bailar |
| to erase | erased | erased | erased | erasing | borrar |
| to change | changed | changed | changed | changing | cambiar |
| to |
Common Irregular Verbs in English and Spanish
Infinitive | Simple Past | Past Participle | Spanish |
|---|---|---|---|
arise | arose | arisen | surgir |
be | was / were | been | ser |
beat | beat | beaten | golpear |
become | became | become | convertirse |
begin | began | begun | comenzar |
bet | bet/betted | bet/betted | apostar |
bite | bit | bitten | morder |
bleed | bled | bled | sangrar |
blow | blew | blown | soplar |
break | broke | broken | romper |
bring | brought | brought | traer |
build | built | built | construir |
buy | bought | bought | comprar |
catch | caught | caught | atrapar |
choose | chose | chosen | elegir |
come | came | come | venir |
cost | cost | cost | costar |
creep | crept | crept | arrastrarse |
cut | cut | cut | cortar |
deal | dealt | dealt | dar, repartir |
do | did | done | hacer |
draw | drew | drawn | dibujar |
dream | dreamt/ |
English Grammar: Tenses, Modals, Conditionals, and More
Passive Voice
- Present Simple (is/are + 3C): she cleans the house/ they sell = is cleaned by she/ are sold.
- Present Continuous (is/are being+3C): is cleaning = is being cleaned.
- Present Perfect Simple (has/have been +3C): has cleaned = has been cleaned
- Past Simple (was/were +3C): she cleaned = was cleaned
- Past Continuous (Was/were being +3C): was cleaning = was being cleaned
- Past Perfect Simple (has been +3C): had cleaned = had been cleaned
- Future Continuous (will be+3C): she will clean = will be cleaned
- Future