English Grammar: Tenses, Modals, Conditionals, and More
Passive Voice
- Present Simple (is/are + 3C): she cleans the house/ they sell = is cleaned by she/ are sold.
- Present Continuous (is/are being+3C): is cleaning = is being cleaned.
- Present Perfect Simple (has/have been +3C): has cleaned = has been cleaned
- Past Simple (was/were +3C): she cleaned = was cleaned
- Past Continuous (Was/were being +3C): was cleaning = was being cleaned
- Past Perfect Simple (has been +3C): had cleaned = had been cleaned
- Future Continuous (will be+3C): she will clean = will be cleaned
- Future with going (is/are going to be +3C): she is going to clean = is going to be cleaned.
- Has /have to be +3C: she has to clean = has to be cleaned
- Modal+ infinitive: a) Can be + 3C b)Should be +3C c) Must have been +3C
Desiderative Sentences
- WISH/ IF ONLY (I wish, he wishes) + PAST SIMPLE ( finished, didn´t finish): present situations that we would like to change or improve
- WISH /IF ONLY (I wish, he wishes) + PAST PERFECT (had arrived, hadn´t arrived 3C) past events, regretting what happened
- WISH/ IF ONLY (I wish, he wishes) + COULD/WOULD + BASE FORM: wishes about the future, indicating that it is unlikely to happen.
Connectors
- Therefore (por lo tanto)
- Nevertheless (sin embargo)
- As a result (como resultado)
- Therefore (por lo tanto)
- Due to (debido a)
- So (por tanto)
- Since (ya que)
- Thus (asi, en consecuencia)
- In spite of (a pesar de)
- Moreover (por otra parte)
- Furthermore (además)
- Despite ( a pesar de )
- Nevertheless (sin embargo)
Job/Work
: job(aplicattion, requirements, satisfaction, title) work(experience) a part-time job, to work, a steady work, job for quite. ADJ/NOUS: 1)ADJ( able, ible, ous, al, ed, ful, ive, ing) 2)NOUS: tion, ment, er
ESTILO INDIR: 1)“He works- he worked . 2)“He worked – he had worked 3) “He will work – he would work 4) “He is working – he was working 5)”He was working – he had been working 6) “He has worked – he had worked 7) “He has been working – he had been working 8) “He had worked – he had worked 9) “He had been working ”- he had been working CAMBIOS: 1)Now—Then 2) Today– That day 3) Tonight– That night 4) Yesterday– The previous day/ the day before 5) Last week– The previous week/ the week before 6) A month ago– The previous month/ the month before 7) Tomorrow– The following day/ the day after/ the next day 8) Next week– The following week/the week after 9) Here—There 10) This/these– That/ those 11) Can –Could 12) May—Might 13) Must/have to– Must/had to 14) will—would FRASES IMPERATIVAS: 1)”Do the homework”-she told me to do the homework 2)”Don´t chew gum – She said me not to chew gum PREGUNTAS: 1) “Do you do your homework ?”—she asked me if I did my homework . 2)”Will you go to Ana´s party tomorrow?”—she asked me if I would go to Ana´s party the next day. 3)”Are yours brothers going to fly to NY?—she asked me if my brothers were going to fly to NY that day.4)”What´s your name?”—he asked what your name was. 5)”Did you buy a car ?”—he asked if I had bought a car. 6)”What were you doing ?-he asked what I had been doing . 7)”When does Sam go to the swimming?-he asked me when Sam went to swimming. 8)”Why are they playing football now?”—he asked why they were playing football then. SUGGESTED: 1)”Let´s go to the cinema ” she said.—she suggested going to the cinema. 2)”Go to the cinema ?” She suggested that we go to the cinema .
be-was/were-been(ser estar) beat-beat-beaten (golpear) become-became-become(llegar a ser) begin-bagan-gegun(empezar) bend-bent-bent(doblar) bet-bet-bet(apostar) bite-bit-bitten(morder) bleed-bled-bled(sangrar) blow-blew-blown(soplar) break-broke-broken(romper) bring-brought-brought(traer) build-built-built(construer) burn-burnt-burnt(quemar) buy-bought-bought(comprar) catch-caughtcaught(coger) choose-chose-chosen(elegir) come-came-come(venir) cost-cost-cost(costar) cut-cut-cut(cortar)deal-dealt-dealt(comerciar) dig-dug-dug(cavar) do-did-done(hacer) draw-drew-drawn(dibujar) dream-dreamt-dreamt(soñar) drink-drank-drunk(beber) drive-drovedriven(conducer) eat-ate-eaten(comer) fall-fell-fallen(caer) feed-fed-fed(alimentar) feel-felt-felt(sentir) fight-fought-fought(luchar) find-found-found( encontrar)fly-flew-flown(volar) forget-forgot-forgotten(olvidar) forgive-forgave-forgiven(olvidar) freeze-froze-frozen(perdonar) get-got-got(conseguir) give-gave-given(dar) go-went-gone(ir) grow-grew-grown(crecer) hang-hanged/hung-hung(colgar) have-hadhad(tener/haber) hear-heard-heard(oir) hide-hid-hidden(esconder) hit –hit-hit(golpear) hold-held-held(sujetar) hurt-hurt-hurt(herir) keep-kept-kept(guarder) know-knew-known(saber) lay-laid-laid(poner) lead- led-led(guiar) learn- learnt-learnt(aprender) leave-left-left(dejar, irse, salir) lend-lent-lent(prestart)
let-let-let(permitir) lie-lay-lain(tumbarse) light- lit-lit(mentir) lose-lost-lost(perder) make –made-made(hacer) mean-meant-meant(significar) meet-met-met(conocer) pay-paid-paid(pagar) put- put-put(poner) read- read-read(leer) ride-rode-ridden(montar) ring- rang-rung(llamar) rise-rose-risen(elevarse) run-ran-run(corer) say-said-said(decir) see-saw-seen(ver) sell-sold-sold(vender) send-sent-sent( enviar), set-set-set(colocar), shake-shook-shaken(agitar), shine-shone-shone( brillar), shoot-shot-shot(disparar), show-showed-shown(mostrar), , shut-shut-shut(cerrar), sing-sang-sung(cantar), sink-sank-sunk(hundirse), sit-sat-sat(sentarse), sleep-slept-slept(dormer), , smell-smelt-smelt(oler), speak-spoke-spoken(hablar), spell-spelt-spelt(deletrear), spend-spend-spent(gastar), spill-spilt-spilt(derramar) spoil-spoilt-spoilt(arruinar) spread-spread-spread (untar) spring-sprang-sprung(saltar) stand-stood-stood(estar de pie) steal-stole-stolen(robar), stick-stuck-stuck(pegar) sting-stung-stung(picar), sweep-swept-swept(barrer) swear-swore-sworn(jurar) swim-swam-swum(nadar) take-took-taken(coger), teach-taught-taught(enseñar), tear-tore-torn(romper), tell-told-told(decir), think-thought-thought(pensar), throw-threw-thrown(arrojar), understand- understood-understood(comprender), wake-woke up-woken up(despertar), wear-wore-worn(llevar puesto), win-won-won (ganar), write-wrote-written(escribir).