Human Body Systems: Digestion, Respiration, and Coordination
Item 4: Digestion and Key Body Systems
Digestion is the process of transforming food into molecules that can be absorbed in the gut, distributed by the blood, and used by the body’s cells. This involves both mechanical and chemical processing.
FUN.NUTRICION are designed to provide the food and necessary nutrients for energy production and essential materials for maintaining life.
SIS.RESPIRATORIO, digestive, circulatory, and excretory systems work together to support bodily functions.
Blood Components
Read MoreMicrobial Growth Control: Methods and Effectiveness
Microbial Growth Control
Rate of Microbial Death
Bacterial populations decrease at a constant logarithmic rate.
Effectiveness of Antimicrobial Treatments
- Number of Microbes: An increase in the number of microbes requires a longer time to eliminate the entire population.
- Environmental Influences:
- The presence of organic matter can inhibit the action of chemical antimicrobials.
- Microbes in surface biofilms are difficult for biocides to reach effectively.
- Temperature-dependent chemical reactions affect disinfectant
Human Body: Digestion, Circulation, Respiration
Digestive System Processes
The digestive system’s mission is to transform ingested food, both physically and chemically. It breaks food down into molecules small enough for absorption and transport via the blood to all body cells.
Digestion Processes
Digestion begins in the mouth, where chewing and insalivation occur. With the help of teeth, tongue, and the muscular walls of the mouth, food is formed into a bolus.
- Mucin: A lubricant in saliva, also secreted in other parts of the alimentary tract, protects
Stem Cells, Carbohydrates, and PHA: Applications
Stem Cells: Types and Applications
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with the unique ability to develop into various specialized cell types. They can divide and produce more stem cells (self-renewal) and differentiate into specialized cells (differentiation).
Types of Stem Cells
- Embryonic Stem Cells: Derived from embryos, these cells can become any cell type in the body.
- Adult or Somatic Stem Cells: Found in various tissues, they generate cells specific to their tissue of origin.
Applications of
Read MoreUnderstanding the Cardiovascular System
Cardiovascular System
The cardiovascular system is the network of channels through which blood flows and consists of:
- The heart
- Blood vessels
In anatomy, the heart is the principal organ of the circulatory system. It is a striated muscle that acts as a suction pump and impeller, which aspirates blood flowing through the veins into the atria and drives it from the ventricles into the arteries.
Heart Anatomy
Location: The heart is situated practically in the middle of the chest (mediastinum), between the
Read MoreEvolution: Natural Selection, Mutation, and Speciation
Understanding Evolution: Key Concepts and Theories
Reproduction, Asexual Source Variability
Variability: Generates gene recombination during meiosis and random union of gametes during fecundation.
Selection Pressure and Adaptation
Factors that adversely affect individual survival constitute selection pressure. Adaptation arises from the pressure of natural selection.
Evidence for Evolution
Evidence supporting the theory of evolution comes from multiple fields:
- Anatomical Studies: Organisms are studied