Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells: Structure, Function, and Differences
Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells
Prokaryotic Cells
Prokaryotes are evolutionarily ancient life forms that existed billions of years before eukaryotic cells. Even with the evolution of more complex cells, prokaryotes like bacteria and Archaea remain supremely successful. They lack a nucleus.
Eukaryotic Cells
Eukaryotic cells are more complex, evolving from prokaryote-like predecessors. Most familiar living things, including animals, plants, fungi, and protists, are composed of eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotic
Read MoreWhite & Gray Matter, CNS, ANS, Hormones & Reflex Arc
Tema15 1_Explica the difference between white matter and gray matter and the generic function of each. In the CNS can distinguish the white matter and gray matter. The white matter consists of axons covered with myelin, which are the nerve pathways, and the gray matter, an accumulation of cell bodies and dendrites, essentially, that are the hubs and integración.E2_Describe elementos.La the synapse and synapse is the area of functional communication between two distinguished neuronas.En synapses:
Read MoreGametogenesis: Spermatogenesis vs. Oogenesis
Gametogenesis: Formation of Gametes
Gametogenesis is the process of gamete formation through meiosis from germ cells. This process reduces the number of chromosomes in germ cells from diploid to haploid (half the number of chromosomes).
In humans, if the process produces sperm, it is called spermatogenesis and occurs in the testes. If the process produces ova, it is called oogenesis and occurs in the ovaries.
Spermatogenesis
Spermatogenesis is the formation of male gametes (sperm), located in the testes.
Read MoreThe Cell: Structure and Function of Organelles
The Cytoskeleton
The cytoskeleton is the set of protein filaments located in the cytosol that contribute to the morphology, internal organization, and movement of the cell.
Microfilaments
Microfilaments are composed of actin in eukaryotic cells and are 7 nm in diameter. They come in two forms:
- G-actin: A globular protein attached to another protein, profilin, which prevents polymerization.
- F-actin: A polymer consisting of two double strands of actin in a helix. Polymerized actin is called F-actin.
These
Read MoreUnderstanding the Lymphatic System and Immunity
The Lymphatic System
The lymphatic system comprises lymph organs, vessels, nodes, and various cells, including lymphocytes and macrophages. Its primary function is to collect interstitial fluid (the liquid surrounding cells) and return it to the bloodstream. It also transports fat-soluble vitamins and lipids from the intestinal villi to the circulatory system, playing a crucial role in defending the body against diseases.
Key Components of the Lymphatic System
- Red Bone Marrow: Abundant in bone cavities,
Understanding DNA, Cell Reproduction, and Genetics
DNA and Genetic Information
DNA Structure
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) carries an individual’s genetic information. It consists of four nitrogenous bases: adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine.
A pentose sugar with five carbons binds to the nitrogenous base. Three bases form a triplet or codon.
Triplets and Genetic Traits
Triplets determine traits like eye color. The nitrogenous bases pair up: adenine with thymine, and guanine with cytosine.
Amino Groups
- Polar or hydrophobic R groups
- Uncharged polar R