Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis Processes
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Cellular Respiration
Process in which heterotrophic organisms obtain their energy at a cellular level, starting from a molecule of glucose.
- Cellular Respiration starts with Glycolysis.
- Most of the time, oxygen is available in the cell, and the Krebs Cycle follows glycolysis.
- After the Krebs cycle, the Electron
Flooded Evaporators & HVAC Components: Function & Selection
Flooded Evaporator: Function and Operation
A flooded evaporator maintains a reservoir of liquid refrigerant on the coil. This is regulated by a float valve. As the refrigerant evaporates, it is absorbed by the compressor. The liquid level in the evaporator drops, causing the float valve ball to lower. The ball is attached to a moving pivot that opens the valve, allowing more liquid refrigerant to enter. The float valve thus controls the liquid refrigerant level, closing when the desired level is
Read MoreOvarian and Menstrual Cycles: Puberty, Fertilization, and Fetal Development
The Ovarian Cycle
Ovarian follicles are large cells that form inside cavities in the ovaries, each containing an immature egg. Approximately every 28 days, an egg matures. Future eggs are already present in the fetus. At birth, a girl has approximately 400,000 future eggs, of which only about 400 will mature from puberty (menarche) onwards. After about 50 years, the maturation of eggs completes with menopause. The ovaries also produce the female hormones estrogen and progesterone.
Sexual reproduction,
Read MoreMicrobes and Viruses: Understanding Their Structure and Life Cycles
Microbes: The Microscopic World
Microbes are a diverse group of living organisms. They are so small that they can only be seen with a microscope. Microbes exist in two main forms:
- Acellular forms: Viruses, viroids, and prions.
- Cellular forms: Bacteria, protozoa, algae, and fungi.
Microbes share several key features:
- Small volume of cytoplasm.
- Accelerated metabolic reactions that occur very quickly.
Viruses: Obligate Intracellular Parasites
Viruses are microscopic acellular entities composed of a nucleic
Read MoreHuman Eye: Anatomy, Physiology, and Common Diseases
The Human Eye: Anatomy, Physiology, and Common Diseases
The senses are sight, hearing, taste, smell, and touch. An external stimulus triggers a sensory impression and is produced in the nervous system and the recipient organ.
The Sense of Sight
Sight is measured primarily by two parameters: the visual field (the portion of space that may be directed towards maintaining a fixed gaze) and visual acuity (the ability to distinguish two separate points that are very close together).
Anatomy and Physiology
Read MoreCell Division: Mitosis, Meiosis, and Genetic Inheritance
Cell Cycle
Cycle CC: 2 Stage: 1. Interphase: Slow phase between 2 mitosis, has 3 phases:
- G1 Phase (cells synthesize proteins and grow, it may become a quiescent phase, G0, for years or even die).
- S Phase Following this phase, DNA doubles.
- G2 Phase Before mitosis, centrioles duplicate.
2nd phase Mitosis and Cytokinesis. 2 phases:
- Karyokinesis
- Cytokinesis
In karyokinesis, the following are distinguished:
- Prophase: Centrioles are placed on opposite sides, microtubules form two types of fibers: kinetochore fibers,