Enzyme Function and Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity
Enzymes
Enzymes and Their Active Site
- Active site: The area or the pocket on the enzyme where the substrate binds.
- Enzyme: Proteins that catalyze chemical reactions (increase the rate by lowering the activation energy).
- Each enzyme catalyzes a specific reaction for a specific substrate.
- Enzymes are not used up during the chemical reactions.
- Enzymes are very specific because both the enzyme and the substrate possess specific complementary shapes that fit into one another.
- The binding of the substrate to
Key Concepts in Ecology: From Biosphere to Niche
Key Concepts in Ecology
Interdependence in Ecology
Ecology is the study of the interactions between organisms and the environment. Interdependence is a key theme found throughout ecology.
Levels of Organization in Ecology
- Biosphere: The most inclusive level of organization (broadest).
- Ecosystem: Smaller units that compose the biosphere.
- Community: All the interacting organisms living in an area.
- Population: Members of a species that live in one place at one time.
- Habitat: The place where an organism lives.
Cellular Biology and Human Anatomy: Key Concepts
**Distinctions in the Nucleus with Microscopy**
- Euchromatin
- Heterochromatin
- Nucleolus
- Nuclear membrane
**Etymology**
- Mitosis: Thread
- Reticuloendothelial: Networks
- Eukaryotic: Good core
- Endocrine: Inward
- Exocrine: Spit out
- Zonula: Small
- Macula: Spot
- Manx: Person
**Protein Structure**
- Primary: Order of amino acids
- Secondary: The coiling, more or less helical, of the amino acid chain
- Tertiary: Folds and kinks of the secondary structure
**Serous Membranes**
- Peritoneum
- Pleura
- Pericardium
- Vaginal tunic
**Epithelial Tissue**
Read MoreUnderstanding Health, Diseases, and Environmental Factors
Health
The body that monitors health is called the World Health Organization (WHO). Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being of a person. It depends on several factors: physical and mental characteristics of each person, lifestyle, the healthcare system, and the social environment.
Healthy Tips
- Do not smoke
- Avoid excessive alcohol consumption
- Do not use drugs
- Practice safe sex
- Meet road safety standards
- Prevent occupational accidents
- Do not self-medicate
- Undergo regular medical
Cell Structure and Function: Microscopy, Organelles, and Cellular Processes
Optical Microscope
The optical microscope has a resolving power of roughly 1000x. Resolving power is the minimum distance between two points that may be seen as different. The human eye has a resolving power of 0.2 mm.
Cell Theory
It was not until the mid-nineteenth century that the cell theory was developed. The cell theory states that:
- All living beings are composed of cells.
- The cell is the anatomical or structural unit of all living beings.
- The cell is the physiological unit of all living beings.
- Every
Understanding Genes, Genotype, Phenotype, and Heredity
Genes are fragments of DNA that encode the synthesis of specific proteins. A gene is the unit of genetic information, composed of a unique sequence of nucleotides.
Genotype is the genetic makeup of an organism for a specific trait, determined by two genes, one from each homologous chromosome.
Phenotype is the observable manifestation of the genotype, the traits we see in an organism due to its genetic information.
Karyotype is a visual representation of all pairs of chromosomes, numbered, classified,
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