Comprehensive Guide to Spanish History: Key Terms and Concepts
Aula Regia
Advisory body formed by officials, aristocrats, and clerics.
Alan
People originally from Turkestan whose empire in the Caspian Sea region was destroyed by the Huns in 375.
Arte Hispano (Hispano-Islamic Art)
Islamic art developed in Al-Andalus between the 8th and 15th centuries. It includes architecture like mosques (the Mosque of Cordoba and the Alhambra), palaces, and citadels.
Romanesque Art
Artistic style prevalent in Europe during the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries. It blended Roman and
Read MoreClasses of Cities in Hispania under Roman Administration
Classes of Cities in Hispania Under Roman Rule
Introduction
Roman administration in Hispania heavily relied on cities as legal, economic, and religious territorial units. These cities comprised an urban center and surrounding territory. While some areas like Egypt, Syria, and Thrace existed outside this city-centric structure, their Romanization was less pronounced. The legal status of cities depended on their inhabitants, resulting in Roman, Latin, and peregrine cities, reflecting the treatment of
Read MorePlato’s Philosophy and Influence
Influences
Presocratics
Heraclitus:
Everything changes = sensible world.
Parmenides:
Importance of reason, identification between thinking and being, division of the world into two, distrust of the senses to grasp the truth, skeptical ideas = unity.
Zeno:
Importance of rational discussion and dialectic.
Pythagoreans:
Interest in mathematical knowledge, theory of the immortality of the soul.
Anaxagoras:
Nous = Demiurge, ordering intelligence.
Sophists:
Interest in human and political ethics and the importance
Read MoreThe French Revolution and its Aftermath
Subject 2: The Outbreak of the French Revolution
1.1 The Causes of the Revolution
In 1789, France was in a profound economic and social crisis. On one hand, since 1760, bad harvests had provoked rising food prices and popular discontent. The bourgeoisie, enriched by the economic growth of the eighteenth century, were dissatisfied politically. Additionally, the marginalization of the monarchy plunged it into a financial crisis. The solution would have been tax reform that would oblige the aristocracy
Read MoreThe Spanish Civil War: A Comprehensive Overview
The Spanish Civil War (1936-1939)
Development of the War
The Military Uprising and International Dimension
On February 11, 1936, the Popular Front’s victory in the general election caused concerns among both the right and left sectors. The right-wing, including figures like Franco, Mola, and Sanjurjo, began plotting against the Republic. On March 8, 1936, they met to discuss a conspiracy in favor of a civil war. General Mola decided that the plot would commence on July 15th. The murder of Calvo Sotelo
Read MoreFeudalism in Western Europe
Feudalism in Western Europe (9th-13th Centuries)
Origins
Feudalism emerged in Western Europe between the 9th and 13th centuries following the Treaty of Verdun (843), which divided the Carolingian Empire. Weakened monarchs, facing threats from Viking and Muslim invaders, sought the support of armed warriors. In exchange for military service, these warriors received land grants, leading to the rise of a powerful nobility.
The Feudal System
Life revolved around the feudum (fief), a large self-sufficient
Read MoreSocial and Economic Transformations in Spain (1965-2000)
The Social Transformations in Spain (1965-2000)
A New Society
. 1965-2000 profound transformation in society has participated in ls española.España grands political changes, economics, and tecnologics culturals Ultims ls to get it in decades, q have transformed to the vid man dl sociedd posmoderna.En ests 35 years, there was industrialization and development 1proceso d dl turismo.Esto transformacions excepcionals.Surge uns produced a growing urban population, there is the crisis of rural life and
Read MoreEssential English Vocabulary and Phrases
Common Words and Expressions
A
- aburrimiento: boredom
- acceder a hacer algo: agree to do something
- aconsejar: to advise
- adosado: terraced house
- almirante: Admiral
- angloparlante: English-speaking
- anteriormente: previously
- anunciante: advertiser
- anuncio de vaqueros: one jeans ad
- anuncio: announce/advert
- apagar: to put out
- apuntas alto: aims high
- arriesgarse: risk
- atracar, llegar: to land
- autopista: motorway
- ayudar a parir: to deliver babies
- a través (de): through
- actualizer: update
- advertencia: warning
- Ajustes de seguridad:
Spanish Socioeconomic Evolution (1902-1936): From Agrarian Society to Civil War
EVOLUTION ECONOM.SOCIEDAD (1902-31) –
ev.Econom-en1900
was an agrarian country esp one poblacioncompuesta cn mostly peasants x (2 / 3) q miserables.A lived in conditions that occurred despite changes in the industrial sector highlighting among new industries, the electric sector in the hands of capital vascos.Surgieron in 1901 hydroelectric company Union Electrica en1911la Vizcaya and Madrileña.Las companies took advantage of the hydroelectric potential and energy production favored the development
Read MoreParis Peace Conference and the Aftermath of WWI
Paris Peace Conference (1919)
On January 18, 1919, representatives of the victorious countries met at the Paris Peace Conference. The conference was led by the “Big Four”: U.S. President Woodrow Wilson, British Prime Minister David Lloyd George, French Prime Minister Georges Clemenceau, and Italian Prime Minister Vittorio Emanuele Orlando. Defeated countries were barred from attending the negotiations.
Background
On October 4, 1918, Germany requested an armistice based on Wilson’s relatively lenient
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