Competition Law: Prohibited Conduct and Enforcement
Prohibited Conduct
Agreements or Concerted Practices
The Law on the Defense of Competition (LDC) prohibits all agreements, decisions, concerted collective recommendations, or consciously parallel practices that are directed at, produce, or can produce the effect of preventing, restricting, or distorting competition in all or part of the national market. The law seeks to understand any agreement of wills between enterprises to limit, prevent, or distort competition in any way, provided that it is affected
Read MoreVirtue, Happiness, and Faith in Platonic Philosophy
Virtue and Happiness in Plato
The true good of mankind, happiness, must be attained through the practice of virtue. But what is virtue? Plato fundamentally agrees with the Socratic identification of virtue and knowledge. The lack of virtue is not a perversion of human nature. By its very nature, man seeks the good for themselves. But if you know the good, you can take as good, wrong, anything and, therefore, act inappropriately. Lack of virtue is equivalent, then, to ignorance. Only those who know
Read MoreKey Concepts in Agriculture, Industry, and Trade
Agriculture
Agriculture is the set of skills and expertise used to cultivate land. The primary sector is devoted to it. It encompasses the various activities of soil treatment and plant crops. It includes a whole range of human actions that transform the natural environment to make it more suitable for growing crops.
Sharecropping
Sharecropping is a tenure status of land that relates to the owner who works it. This is a variable contract, for which the employee pays the owner a proportion of crop production
Read MoreUnderstanding Process Management in Operating Systems
What is a Process?
A process is a running program. When a process is in a ready state, the only thing that’s missing is the allocation of the processor.
Process States
The completed state of a process always comes from the state of execution.
Reasons for a Suspended Process State
A suspended state exists to incorporate more ready processes, preventing the internal memory to the processor from being occupied for too long. This increases system productivity by allowing a larger number of processes to be
Read MoreSpanish Civil War: Military Revolt to International Impact
Spanish Civil War (1936-1939)
1. The Military Revolt
a) The Preparation of the Military Coup
Military attempts to end the monarchical republic took place soon after its establishment. The uprising of General Sanjurjo in Seville (1932), an attempted coup involving right-wing politicians, failed. However, the Popular Front victory in 1936 accelerated coup plans. The conspiracy involved military, Alfonsine monarchists, Carlist politicians, Falangists, and members of the CEDA. They launched preparations
Read MoreUN Resolution 1946: Condemning Franco’s Spain
Background of the Resolution
The “UN Resolution on Relations with Spain” is a primary source document drafted by the United Nations on December 12, 1946. This political text was made public in the context of the end of World War II. Although the war continued in Asia and the Pacific, the UN, which succeeded the League of Nations after World War I, aimed to resolve international conflicts through dialogue and respect for human rights. The UN comprises two main bodies: the General Assembly, where members
Read MoreLegal Psychology: Understanding Its Role in the Justice System
Definition
Legal psychology is an area of specialized psychological work and research aimed at studying the behavior of legal actors in the field of law and justice. This area is recognized by national and international associations and organizations of legal and/or forensic psychology.
Psychology Applied to the Courts
The Legal and Child Psychology: Through studies, the psychologist should inform the child’s situation and what the chances of their rehabilitation and treatment are. Thus, the psychologist
Read MoreImmanuel Kant: Life, Philosophy, and Enlightenment Influence
Immanuel Kant: Life and Works
Immanuel Kant was born on April 22, 1724, in Königsberg, Prussia (now Kaliningrad, Russia). Kant was the fourth of nine children. In 1770, he obtained the professorship of logic and metaphysics at the University of Königsberg. He died on February 12, 1804. Kant’s work is generally divided into three periods. The first period is dominated by works devoted to the scientific study of nature. The second, called the pre-critical period, culminates in 1781 with the publication
Read MoreDavid Hume’s Philosophy: A Critical Analysis
From the sixteenth century, a new scientific model is shown, the hypothetical deductive method that gives rise to two philosophical currents: empiricism and rationalism. Rationalism is based on reason as a fundamental tool, takes as a model for the mathematical method, and affirms the existence of innate ideas. Descartes is the most representative. Empiricism, however, is based on experience and denies the existence of innate knowledge. The most important empiricists are Locke, and especially Berkeley
Read MoreKey Political Concepts in Spain: 19th and 20th Centuries
Restoration
The Bourbon Restoration period in Spanish history spanned from General Arsenio Martínez Campos’ pronouncement in 1874, ending the First Spanish Republic, to the proclamation of the Second Republic on April 14, 1931. This era was marked by institutional stability, the formation of a liberal state model, and the rise of social and political movements resulting from the Industrial Revolution. It began its decline with Miguel Primo de Rivera’s dictatorship in 1923. Martínez Campos’ declaration
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