Key Historical Events: Early 20th Century
World War I
Fueled by German attempts to alter the European balance maintained in the last third of the 19th century, Germany’s attitude unleashed an arms race between the major European powers and the formation of rival military alliances. The game of alliances in Europe implied that if only one of the countries entered the war, it could drag everyone else in, as indeed happened.
Russian Revolution
It was an empire with a huge territorial extension but with a social structure and politics far behind
Read MoreElectrical Motors and Control Systems: Types, Operation, and Applications
Three-Phase Asynchronous Motors: Rotor Winding
Three-phase asynchronous motors comprise a stator winding and a rotor winding, star-connected at one end, with three free terminal ends connected to three collector rings. These rings have three brushes that slide across them. The terminals of the brushes are connected to three-phase resistances external to the motor, allowing for regulation of the motor start. This type of motor has been widely used in medium-power applications (above 50 HP), achieving
Read MoreSocial Organization and Political Power: An Analysis
Society and Political Power
Human beings are social animals. Society needs to develop the layers that characterize them as human beings. Language is a factor of socialization, through which we receive knowledge and norms of our culture.
Theories of Social Organization
Society is a logical consequence of human nature. The basic principle is that man needs to satisfy their basic needs (food, health). Society is an artificial construction (a product of an agreement). Representatives include Hobbes, Locke,
Read MoreBuilding Materials: Properties and Classification
Item 34: Introduction to Building Materials
1. Introduction
Building materials, understood as such since primitive architectural constructions appeared, are still true architectures with which humans tried to solve a fundamental building problem: to cover and close a space protected from nature. The Industrial Revolution entailed, among other things, the provision of large quantities of building materials, and even new building materials at low prices, with more uniform quality and even higher than
Read MoreThe Spanish Restoration: 1874-1902
The Restoration Scheme
The issue that we will deal with covers the period from the fall of the First Republic until the proclamation of Alfonso XIII as king in 1902. The restoration of the monarchy of Alfonso XII represents a stage of stability that lasted until the late nineteenth century. It was prompted by the 1876 Constitution, the party system created by Canovas, and some economic prosperity. But these achievements do not hide major flaws of the system: electoral fraud and chieftaincy leaving
Read MoreSpanish Civil War: Causes, Key Events, and Aftermath in Extremadura
Spanish Civil War: Causes, Key Events, and Aftermath
The Civil War’s end marked the beginning of a modernization process, bringing Spain closer to Western democratic countries. At this time, democracy, communism, and fascism were political formulas that sought to address the crisis of capitalism and the demands of social groups. The reforms initiated by the Democratic Republic failed to stop the progressive establishment of groups advocating for a workers’ revolution or a strong authoritarian state,
Read MoreKant’s Philosophy: Republicanism, Despotism, and Perpetual Peace
Kant’s Republicanism and Despotism
Kant distinguishes two modes of states according to their constitution, that is, according to their governance. This classification is republicanism and despotism. Let’s deal first with republicanism. Kant explores the fundamentals of politics, seeking a principle of sovereignty that is human. This is the republican constitution. For Kant, republicanism is also desirable, indispensable, and achievable. The republic is desirable because it benefits perpetual peace;
Read MoreEconomic and Fiscal Policies: Impact and Instruments
Economic Policies: Objectives, Instruments, and Types
Economic policies are forms of state intervention in the economy designed to achieve specific economic objectives.
Objectives or Purposes
- Sustainable Economic Growth: The state intervenes to increase the production of goods and services, sustaining it over time. A key objective is to improve the welfare of citizens.
- Full Employment: Achieving full employment is challenging. It is generally considered to exist when 98% of the working population is
Russian Revolution and World Wars: Causes and Impacts
Item 8: The Russian Revolution
The economy and Russian society were the most backward in Europe, and the political system was outlined by the absolute power of the Tsar. The regime rested on three pillars:
- The nobility, who had the power of the land.
- The senior administration and military.
- The Orthodox Church, whose supreme leader was the Tsar himself.
During the reign of Alexander II, a series of economic and administrative reforms were attempted. One of the most notable was the abolition of the feudal
Read MoreHuman Body: Functions, Systems, and Anatomy
Living Things vs. Non-Living Things
Living things possess life and include animals, bacteria, and algae. They move, reproduce, and nurture relationships. These are the three vital functions.
- Heterotrophic Animal Nutrition
- Autotrophic Plant Nutrition: Photosynthesis
- Fungi: Heterotrophic nutrition (they are not plants because they acquire food by absorption, not ingestion)
All plants adapted to the air environment (not water) have a root, stem, and leaf. However, moss does not, as it represents an evolutionary
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