Fundamentals of Economic Science and Business Administration
Item 1: Concept of Economic Science
The study of social laws that govern economic activity.
Concept of Economic Activity
It is an aspect of human behavior that expresses a relationship between ends and means, likely limited to alternative uses.
Concept of Production
Any conversion of property of a given order into another of lower order.
Bien
An object with the capacity to meet a need.
Order
Classification as to their suitability to meet human needs.
Factors of Production
Goods or factors of original production:
Read MoreSecond Spanish Republic: Proclamation, Constitution, and Reforms
The Second Republic (1931-1936)
1) The Proclamation
After the abdication and exile of Alfonso XIII, a provisional government took power with the task of convening Constituent Cortes. In this government were represented almost all political tendencies from the Republican right to left:
- Socialists: the majority party of the left with three ministries. Fernando de los Ríos, Indalecio Prieto, and Largo Caballero.
- Radical Republicans: populist right center with two ministries. Lerroux and Martinez Barrios.
Myths, Philosophy, and Knowledge: A Deep Dive
Myths: Exploring the Origins of the World
Myths are fantastic stories, full of metaphors, symbols, and profound meanings. These symbolic narratives explain the origin of the world and answer fundamental questions about existence. They represent the earliest form of history, often featuring animals. The characters in myths are gods, heroes, or supernatural beings who act arbitrarily. Myths reflect the social structures of their time, responding to the human need for knowledge and problem-solving.
Read MorePost-WWII Europe: Conferences, Cold War & Division of Germany
The Yalta Conference (February 1945)
As Germany was losing the European war, Allied leaders met at Yalta to plan post-war Europe. Despite differences, Stalin, Roosevelt, and Churchill agreed on several matters:
- Stalin would enter the war against Japan.
- Germany would be divided into four zones: American, French, British, and Soviet.
- War criminals responsible for genocide would be hunted down and punished.
- The “Big Three” would join the new United Nations to maintain peace.
- Eastern Europe would be a “Soviet
Spanish Civil War: Causes, Politics, and International Impact
Civil War
1936-1939 Military Uprising and Civil War
The 1936 military uprising succeeded primarily in inland Spain, Galicia, Andalusia, the Guadalquivir region, and agricultural areas dominated by large estates and conservative smallholders. The uprising failed in industrial areas of the north and east where workers and leftist forces held greater sway.
The rebels intended a swift coup, seizing government organs and declaring a state of war to quell opposition within days. However, after a week, the
Read MoreMass Media and Literature: From 19th Century to Today
Mass Media
- Radio: A means of communication that is fast and cheap, and principally uses the spoken word to inform, entertain, and educate.
- Television: The most influential medium of communication due to its ability to unite image and word.
- Newspaper: Aims to transmit real, objective, and current information, using the written word and images.
- Internet: Has it all.
Nineteenth Century
Realism stems from the Guide and Cervantes, and continues in the novel of the eighteenth century. In the nineteenth century,
Read MoreEssential Glossary of Geographic and Atmospheric Terms
Temperature Range
The temperature range is the difference between the highest and the lowest temperatures in a place or area during a certain period.
Anticyclone
An anticyclone is a high-pressure air zone, where the atmospheric pressure (corrected to sea level) is higher than the surrounding air.
Aridity
Aridity is drought, a lack of moisture.
Bay
A bay is an entry in a sea, ocean, or lake, surrounded by land except for an opening, usually wider than the rest of the inland penetration.
Barlovento
Barlovento
Read MoreAgriculture, Public Administration, and Tertiary Sector in Spain
Agricultural Production in Spain
Cereals and Plants: Corn is very important in the Atlantic region. In dry areas, barley, wheat, and grapes are common. Irrigation is mainly devoted to wheat and barley and is rotated with sugar beet, potatoes, or fodder. The high demand for water in rice cultivation is restricted to coastal lowlands and hortalizas in Valencia. Potatoes and vegetable crops have spread in the form of irrigation in the interior of the peninsula (lettuce, asparagus, and beans). Fruits,
Read MoreEnglish Vocabulary and Grammar: A Comprehensive Resource
Vocabulary Unit 1: World War I
- Invaded (to invade): binnenvallen
- Allies (an ally): een bondgenoot
- Trenches (a trench): een loopgraaf
- (An) enemy: een vijand
- No-man’s-land: niemandsland
- Shells (a shell): een granaat
- Casualties (a casualty): een (oorlogs)slachtoffer
- A ceasefire: een staakt-het-vuren
- Battles (a battle): een gevecht, een strijd
- To withdraw: zich terugtrekken
- Negotiated (to negotiate): onderhandelen
- A peace treaty: een vredesverdrag
- Gave in (to give in to): toegeven aan
- Handed in (to hand in): inleveren
- Took
Kant’s Philosophy: Metaphysics, Science, and A Priori Knowledge
**Metaphysics and Science in Kant’s Philosophy**
In Kant’s *Critique of Pure Reason*, metaphysics is closely related to natural science. Metaphysics represents the inevitable tendency of reason to ask questions it cannot answer, such as those about God, the soul, and the world. Nature has burdened reason with this inclination to pose questions that transcend experience.
For Kant, knowledge pertains to phenomena, which are empirical objects. While categories apply to such objects, the ideas of reason
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