Kali Linux Command Reference: Basic to Intermediate Shell
This cheat sheet covers essential commands for system navigation, file management, user administration, and networking in Kali Linux, spanning foundational concepts (Lessons 1-2) and more advanced topics (Lessons 3-4).
System Information and Navigation
| Concept | Command / Info | Key Point |
|---|---|---|
| OS Info | uname -a | Show kernel, version, and architecture |
| Hostname | hostname | Show the system’s hostname (L3-4) |
| List files | ls, ls -l, ls -als | -l = detailed listing, -a = show hidden files |
| Manual | man <cmd> | View command help documentation |
Digital Modulation and Data Transmission Methods
Modulation is called the transaction by which certain characteristics of a wave called a carrier, be modified in light of another wave called modules, which contains information
The modulation process requires two signals, Modules and carriers, and as a result generates a third signal, called the modulated signal.
The carrier signal parameters that are affected by the information are: MODULATION
FSK
MODULATION DIGITAL-ANALOG
FSK (modulation frequency shift): It changes the carrier frequency depending
Read MoreEvolution of Indian Governance: Ancient Systems to Modern Constitution
British Administration in India
The British administration in India evolved over a long period, beginning with the East India Company’s trading interests and culminating in a centralized and bureaucratic system under the British Crown. The administration can be broadly divided into two phases: Company rule (till 1858) and Crown rule (1858–1947).
1. East India Company Rule (Pre-1858)
The British came to India as traders in 1600 under the East India Company. After the weakening of the Mughal Empire,
Read MoreMicrocontrollers, Robotics, and Circuit Analysis
Microcontrollers and Robotics Fundamentals
Microcontrollers vs. Personal Computers
147: A microcontroller is a programmable integrated circuit on a single chip that incorporates all the basic functions of a computer, including the processing unit, memory, and input/output peripherals. It essentially functions as a computer with limited capabilities on a single chip. It differs from a Personal Computer (PC) in several key ways:
- Microcontrollers are cheaper and have lower power consumption (allowing
Fundamental Rights and Guarantees under Article 20 of the Spanish Constitution
Freedom of Expression and Information under Article 20 CE
Article 20.1 CE protects several different fundamental rights. Along with the recognition of those rights, this article governs their guarantees (Arts. 20.2, 20.3, and 20.5 CE) and its limits (Art. 20.4 CE).
Fundamental Rights Recognized (Article 20.1 CE)
Article 20.1 CE recognizes and protects the following rights:
- To freely express and disseminate thoughts, ideas, and opinions through words, writing, or any other means of reproduction.
- Freedom
AI Applications: Categories, Importance, and Industry Impact
Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications are software programs and systems that leverage AI techniques to perform tasks typically requiring human intelligence, such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. These applications are designed to automate and enhance processes, improve efficiency, and provide insights that would be difficult or impossible for humans to achieve on their own.
Key Categories of AI Applications
Machine Learning (ML) Applications
These
System Programming Fundamentals: Linking, Memory, and Concurrency
Linking
- The linker is unaware of local variables that exist only within functions.
- Local variables with the same name as global variables follow their local scope.
Symbol Types in Linking
Global Symbols
- Symbols defined by module
m(e.g.,m.cpp) that can be referenced by other modules. - Includes non-static C functions and non-static global variables.
External Symbols
- Global symbols referenced by module
mbut defined by some other module.
Local Symbols
- Symbols defined and referenced exclusively by module
m. - Includes
Literary Genres and Bibliographic Documentation Standards
Literary Genres and Their Characteristics
Poetry and Lyric Forms
Poetry: It is the genre in which the author expresses their most private feelings: love, sadness, or distress, and generally provides beauty. Types of poetic works include:
- Oda: Exalted themes in poetic form.
- Elegia: Poetic expressions regarding the death of a person close to the poet, such as Verses on the Death of His Father by Jorge Manrique.
- Eclogues: Poetic dialogues between loving shepherds, such as the idealized works of Garcilaso
Software Quality Assurance Versus Control: Key Differences
What is Quality Assurance (QA)?
Quality Assurance is a method for ensuring that the software application released to end users has fewer defects and mistakes. Quality Assurance is defined as an activity that ensures the approaches, techniques, methods, and processes designed for the projects are implemented correctly. It recognizes defects in the process. Quality Assurance is completed before Quality Control.
- It focuses on preventing defects.
- It is a proactive process and is preventive in nature.
- It
Management Principles and Business Concepts Summary
Foundations of Management
Management is defined as “a process of assembling and using sets of resources, in a goal-directed manner, to accomplish tasks in an organizational setting.”
- F.W. Taylor defined it as “The art of knowing what is to be done and seeing that it is done in the best possible manner.”
- Mary Parker Follett described it as “The art of getting things done through people.”
The concept of work division can be traced back to Sir Thomas More (1474-1535), who described it in “Utopia.”