Key Articles of Fundamental Rights and Duties in India
Fundamental Rights in the Indian Constitution
1. Right to Equality (Articles 14-18)
- Article 14: Ensures equality before the law and equal protection of the laws.
- Article 15: Prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth.
- Article 16: Guarantees equality of opportunity in matters of public employment.
- Article 17: Abolishes untouchability and forbids its practice.
- Article 18: Abolishes titles, except military and academic distinctions.
2. Right to Freedom (Articles 19-
Read MoreMachine Learning Algorithms Implementation Showcase
# ============================
# 1. K-MEANS CLUSTERING
# ============================
# Create synthetic 2D data with 3 clusters
X_blobs, y_blobs = make_blobs(n_samples=300, centers=3, random_state=42)
# Fit KMeans
kmeans = KMeans(n_clusters=3, random_state=42, n_init=10)
kmeans.Fit(X_blobs)
# Get cluster labels
cluster_labels = kmeans.Labels_
centers = kmeans.Cluster_centers_
print(“KMeans cluster centers:\n”, centers)
# Plot clusters
plt.
Figure(figsize=(6, 5))
plt.Scatter(X_blobs[:, 0], X_blobs[:, 1], c=cluster_
Key Industrial Revolution Inventions and Social Movements
Technological Innovations
- Enclosures: The process by which open fields, shared by a community, were turned into private, fenced properties by new English landowners.
- Spinning Jenny: A spinning frame invented by James Hargreaves in 1764.
- Power Loom: Patented by Edmund Cartwright in 1785.
- Self-Acting Spinning Mule: A factory machine introduced by Richard Roberts in 1830, allowing one person to spin several threads of yarn simultaneously.
- Steamboat: Created by Robert Fulton in 1807, this invention applied
Microcontroller Addressing Modes and Assembly Programming Concepts
1. Define Addressing Mode
Addressing Mode Definition
An addressing mode is the method a microcontroller uses to specify the location of the data (operand) required by an instruction. It determines how and from where the CPU fetches data—whether from a register, a memory address, an immediate constant, or through pointer-based access.
Why Different Addressing Modes Are Used
Different addressing modes are provided to achieve:
Programming Flexibility
Allows data to be accessed in multiple ways—direct,
Operating System Fundamentals: Structure, Processes, and File Systems
W1.1 Operating Systems Fundamentals
W1.1.1 OS Introduction
W1.1.2 Types of Operating Systems
Examples of Operating Systems include: Android, Linux, FreeBSD, MacOS, MS-DOS, Windows, uCOS, VxWorks. These systems are suited to small, medium, or large systems, exhibiting different characteristics regarding:
- Responsiveness
- Efficiency
- Flexibility
- Security
- Reliability
W1.1.2 Different Kinds of OS
Operating systems are categorized based on their usage:
- Single-user systems: Execute one program at a time for one user.
Regression, Regularization and Time Series Concepts for ML
1. Univariate linear regression assumptions
- Linearity: The relationship between X and Y is linear.
- Independence: The residuals (errors) are independent of each other.
- Homoscedasticity: The variance of residuals is constant across all levels of X.
- Normality of errors: The residuals follow a normal distribution.
These assumptions are important because they ensure the reliability and accuracy of the linear regression model. If the relationship between X and Y is not truly linear, the model won’t capture
Read MoreNeurological Conditions: Bell’s Palsy to Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Bell’s Palsy Etiology
Idiopathic; commonly associated with HSV-1, VZV. Autoimmune inflammation or ischemia is suspected. Sporadic outbreaks are reported.
Clinical Features
- Mastoid/ear pain precedes weakness by 1–2 days.
- Rapid onset facial weakness within 48 hours.
- Loss of forehead wrinkling and eye closure.
- Impaired taste (anterior 2/3 of the tongue).
- Hyperacusis (stapedius paralysis).
- Decreased salivation; lacrimation is usually preserved.
- Bell’s phenomenon (upward/outward eye movement on attempted
Modelos de Redacción Efectivos para Emails y Cartas
Estructuras Infalibles para la Escritura
1. Email Informal
Usa este para amigos, familia o conocidos. El tono es relajado.
- Saludo: Hi [Nombre]! / Hello! How are you? I hope you are doing well.
- Introducción: I am writing to you because I want to tell you about… (mi nuevo hábito / mi viaje).
- Idea 1: One important point is that I am exercising every day because it makes me feel with a lot of energy.
- Idea 2: Another point is that I am eating more fruits. This helps me stay healthy during the week.
- Idea
Design Thinking: Human-Centered Innovation Strategies
What is Design Thinking?
Design Thinking is a human-centered innovation methodology used to solve complex problems through a creative, structured, and iterative process. It combines empathy, creativity, and rational thinking to develop solutions that are desirable for users, economically viable, and technologically feasible. Its importance lies in placing people at the center of innovation, rather than starting from technology or business constraints. In real innovation contexts, this approach helps
Read Moreकंप्यूटर और सुपर कंप्यूटर की संपूर्ण जानकारी हिंदी में
सुपर कंप्यूटर क्या है? (What is a Supercomputer)
परिभाषा (Definition): सुपर कंप्यूटर (Supercomputer) एक ऐसा उच्च-प्रदर्शन वाला कंप्यूटर होता है जिसकी प्रोसेसिंग गति और संग्रहण क्षमता सामान्य कंप्यूटरों की तुलना में हजारों गुना
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