Essential Marketing Principles and Strategic Frameworks
Definition of Marketing
Marketing is the process of identifying the needs and wants of customers and satisfying them by providing suitable products and services. It includes all activities such as product planning, pricing, promotion, and distribution that help in delivering goods and services from producers to consumers. The main aim of marketing is to create value for customers and build long-term relationships with them.
In simple words, marketing is not only about selling products but also about
Read MoreData Engineering Essentials: Pipelines, Transformation, BI & Quality
Role of Data Engineering in Managing Data Resources
Data engineering plays a critical role in managing and organizing data resources in modern organizations. With the growth of digital platforms, organizations generate massive volumes of data from various sources such as transactional systems, mobile applications, websites, sensors, and social media platforms. Data engineering focuses on designing, building, and maintaining data pipelines that efficiently collect this data from multiple sources.
Read MoreHokusai’s Great Wave & Gauguin’s Tahitian Paintings
Hokusai — The Great Wave off Kanagawa
“The Great Wave off Kanagawa” is a famous Japanese ukiyo-e print created by Hokusai around 1831. The artwork depicts a dramatic and powerful moment: a giant wave threatens three fishing boats, while Mount Fuji appears calm and small in the distance, almost still compared to the overwhelming energy of the wave.
The image impresses with the contrast between movement and tranquility. The fishermen in their small boats seem doomed, yet they probably will not die.
Read MoreSustainability Principles and Sustainable Manufacturing Practices
Q1: Sustainability and Sustainable Development
Sustainability refers to the ability to meet present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It emphasizes balanced use of natural resources while maintaining environmental quality, economic growth, and social well-being. Sustainable development is a development approach that integrates environmental protection, economic development, and social equity.
The concept was clearly defined by the Brundtland Commission,
Consumer Behavior, Production & Market Structures Economics
Consumer Behavior: Utility & Indifference Curves
This unit explores how consumers make choices to maximize their satisfaction.
Key Concepts
Utility: The want-satisfying power of a commodity.
Cardinal Utility: Assumes utility can be measured numerically (e.g., in “utils”). This is the basis for the Marginal Utility Analysis.
Ordinal Utility: Assumes utility can only be ranked or compared (e.g., first, second, third preference). This is the basis for the Indifference Curve Analysis.
Law of Diminishing
Understanding Non-Performing Assets in Banking
Non-Performing Assets (NPA)
Assets: Generate revenue for the future. Example – Car, Machines, etc.
NPA: An asset becomes non-performing when it ceases to generate income for the bank. NPAs are those loans that have stopped making interest or principal return for over 90 days (3 months).
Classification of NPA
- Sub-standard Asset: A non-performing asset that is overdue for less than or equal to 12 months.
- Doubtful Assets: An asset that has remained NPA for more than 12 months.
- Loss Assets: An asset that
News Diversity: Types, Treatment and Production Challenges
Diversity of News and Treatment Challenges
There is such a variety of news items and actions that it is impossible to analyze them all; they are therefore grouped into different blocks according to the similarity of the production challenges:
Narrative of Content and Events
News based on facts with real images recorded or broadcast live. The reporter goes to the scene or reports from remote points and can be better informed. The reporter usually appears on the screen, which requires the ability to
Read MoreIntranet Architecture, Security and Network Protocols
1. Intranet Concepts and Architecture
An intranet is a private internal network of an organization that uses Internet technologies such as TCP/IP, web browsers, and HTTP to facilitate secure communication, information sharing, and collaboration among employees. It creates a centralized digital environment where users can access internal documents, applications, and databases. The architecture of an intranet typically follows a client-server model consisting of client devices, web servers, application
Read MoreEnglish Conditionals, Wishes and Effective Report Writing
English Conditionals and Wish Expressions
Zero conditional
Zero conditional: If you stand in the rain, you get wet. / If you heat ice, it melts. Present simple + present simple
Uses: Facts which are generally true or scientific facts. The condition always has the same result.
First conditional
First conditional: If it rains, we will cancel the trip. / If you study, you will pass the exam.
Form: Present simple + will/won’t + verb
Uses: A possible situation in the future. Predicting a likely result in the
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