Key Economics Concepts: Demand, Markets, Money, Inflation
What Is Demand? Its Determinants
Demand refers to the quantity of a commodity that consumers are willing and able to buy at a given price and time.
Determinants of Demand
- Price of the commodity: Demand decreases when price increases and vice versa.
- Income of consumers: Higher income increases demand for normal goods.
- Price of related goods:
- Substitute goods: If the price of a substitute rises, demand increases.
- Complementary goods: If the price of a complement rises, demand decreases.
- Taste and preference:
Organizational Change Models and Resistance: Schein, Lewin, Kotter
1. Technological Approach to Change
The technological paradigm views organizational change as a structured, mechanical process:
- Change can be 100% planned and controlled by management.
- Change is treated as a technological process.
- Change requires hard competencies: the success of the change depends on the technical skills of the implementers rather than on emotional intelligence.
- Mistakes result from bad planning or incorrect implementation.
- We can avoid mistakes.
2. Social and Interpersonal Approach to
Read MorePolitical Science Fundamentals: State, Sovereignty, and Welfare
Political Science Fundamentals
Political Science is the systematic study of power, government, and the state. It aids in understanding and improving society by promoting citizenship, good governance, social justice, and foreign policy. Its nature is both scientific and philosophical, encompassing various fields such as public administration, comparative politics, and international relations. Its core characteristic is the analysis of government structures and human political behavior.
Importance of
Read MoreJava Polymorphism, Overloading, Lambdas & Exceptions
Constructor and Method Overloading
class Calculator {
// Constructor overloading: same name, different parameters
Calculator() { System.out.println("Default Calculator created"); }
Calculator(String mode) { System.out.println(mode + " Calculator created"); }
// Method overloading: same name, different parameters
int add(int a, int b) { return a + b; }
double add(double a, double b) { return a + b; }
}
public class OverloadingDemo {
public static void main(String[] args)Sports Journalism: Professional Values and Ethical Challenges
Part I – Intrinsic and Extrinsic Value of My Chosen Profession
My chosen profession is to become a sports journalist and reporter. I am especially inspired by figures such as Sara Carbonero, who represent professionalism, sensitivity, and credibility in sports media. Journalism is not just a job where you communicate information; it is a profession that shapes opinions, influences society, and builds trust between the media and the public. For this reason, reflecting on the intrinsic and extrinsic
Read MoreThird World Underdevelopment and Neocolonialism Dynamics
Third World Settings: Underdevelopment
The expression “Developing World” began to be used in the 1950s. This group included virtually all decolonized countries, and many other poor nations experiencing economic dependency. Third World countries are characterized by two certain facts: most of the population works in agricultural tasks, and industrialization is scarce.
Key Characteristics of Underdevelopment
- Low per capita income.
- Widespread malnutrition among much of the population.
- Shorter life expectancy
Architects and Leaders of the Second Spanish Republic
Niceto Alcalá-Zamora (1877–1949)
Alcalá-Zamora was twice a Liberal minister in the monarchy, shifting his allegiance to the Republicans during the dictatorship. This move attracted moderate and Catholic groups to his party. He was president of the Republican Committee and was jailed in 1930. After the Republic was proclaimed, he became the first Head of Government in 1931, resigning when the approved constitutional articles relating to religious freedom were passed. However, two months later,
Read MoreOperating System Synchronization and Scheduling Concepts
CPU Scheduling and Timing Metrics
CPU Scheduling is the process of deciding which of the processes in the ready queue should be allocated to the CPU for execution. It is necessary when a process switches from running to waiting, terminates, or when a new process is created.
Scheduling Criteria (Times)
The performance of a CPU scheduler is measured using several metrics, often expressed in terms of time:
- CPU Utilization: The fraction of time the CPU is busy executing processes. (Goal: Maximize)
- Throughput:
Major Themes in Canadian History: 1900s to 1984
Unit 1: Defining Canadian Identity
Core Elements of Canadian Identity
- Culture, institutions, and artifacts
- Commitment to peacekeeping
- Multiculturalism
- Themes related to being the “Best country to live”
Immigration and Multiculturalism
- Newcomers reshape Canada
- Multicultural policy implementation
- Diversity challenges
The Women’s Movement
- Pursuit of gender equality
- Workplace rights
- Political rights
Aboriginal Rights (Indigenous Rights)
- Land claims
- Self-government initiatives
- Addressing historical injustices
Social
Read MoreNew Institutional Economics: Core Concepts and Applications
Chapter 1: New Institutional Economics Fundamentals
(1) New Institutional Economics (NIE) defines institutions as the “rules of the game” in a society that create the framework for human interaction.
(2) These institutions, which include formal rules (written laws) and informal norms (social codes), exist to reduce uncertainty and lower transaction costs by making human behavior predictable.
(3) The “golden triangle” or conceptual trunk of NIE consists of three core concepts: transaction costs (costs
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