Arrest Law in Malaysia: Arrest, Rights & Search Procedures
Arrest: Introduction and Legal Basis
TOPIC: ARREST (INTRODUCTION): Arrest is the first step in the criminal justice process. Article 5(1) of the Federal Constitution protects personal liberty and states that no one can be deprived of liberty unless it is according to law. Therefore, an arrest must be made lawfully and based on legal provisions. An arrest can be challenged in court if it has no valid reason or if excessive force is used.
Why determine whether there is an arrest? Some rights of a suspect
Read MoreSQL, PHP Integration and Web Security Best Practices
SIDE A: Database, SQL & PHP Integration
1. SQL Fundamentals (Chapters 8 & 9)
Data Definition Language (DDL) – Structure
Create DB:CREATE DATABASE publications; USE publications;
Create Table:
CREATE TABLE users (
id INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
username VARCHAR(128),
password CHAR(255) -- Fixed length best for hashes
) ENGINE=MyISAM;Alter Table:
ALTER TABLE users ADD email VARCHAR(255);ALTER TABLE users DROP email;ALTER TABLE users MODIFY year SMALLINT;ALTER TABLE
Human Rights: Definition, Evolution, and Indian Perspective
This document provides a detailed and well-structured answer to the question: “What do you mean by Human Rights? How the concept of Human Rights was evolved? Describe the Indian and International perspectives of Human Rights” — suitable for 15 marks in your exam.
What Do You Mean by Human Rights?
Definition
Human rights are the basic rights and freedoms that every individual is entitled to by virtue of being human. These rights are universal, inalienable, and indivisible, and are essential for
Read MoreMicroeconomics: Nature, Elasticity, Demand, Supply & Equilibrium
1. Nature and Scope of Microeconomics (16 Marks)
Microeconomics is an important branch of economics that deals with the study of individual economic units such as consumers, firms, industries and markets. It focuses on how individuals and firms make decisions regarding the allocation of scarce resources and how these decisions affect prices, output and the distribution of income. Microeconomics is also known as price theory because it explains the determination of prices of goods and services in
Read MoreEFL Teaching Methods, Phonics and Literacy Techniques
EFL Methods, Phonics and Literacy Techniques
Method Terms and Definitions
- 1- WHEN DESIGN CONTRO: It is usually the first time.
- 2-ACT EFL PUZZLE SCRABLE: The verbal-linguistic intelligence.
- 2- EFL PICTURE DIDACTION O SIMON SAY: The kinesthetic intelligence.
- 3-SITUATIONAL METHOD: The presentation, organization, and selection of vocabulary in context.
- 4-S. KRASHEN’S: Acquisition–learning, Monitor, Natural Order, Input, and Affective Filter.
- 5- NATURAL ORDER OF LANGUAGE ACQUISITION: Listen, speak, read,
Product Design Importance, Standardisation and Mass Customisation
Importance of Product Design
Product design is crucial because it determines how well a product meets customer needs, performs its function, and succeeds in the market. The importance of product design can be explained through the following points:
Customer satisfaction: Good product design ensures the product is easy to use, safe, reliable, and attractive, which increases customer satisfaction and loyalty.
Functional performance: Design defines how effectively a product performs its intended function.
Biology Fundamentals: Cell Structure to Genetics
Module 1: Cells as the Basis of Life
Key Concepts
- Cell Theory: All organisms are made of cells; cells are the basic units of life; all cells arise from pre-existing cells.
- Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes:
- Prokaryotes: No nucleus or membrane-bound organelles.
- Eukaryotes: Complex, possess membrane-bound organelles.
Organelles & Functions
| Organelle | Function |
| Nucleus | Stores DNA, controls activities. |
| Mitochondria | Site of aerobic respiration (ATP production). |
| Ribosomes | Protein synthesis. |
| Chloroplasts | Photosynthesis. |
| Golgi |
Key Obstetric and Gynecological Conditions: Diagnosis and Management
Analgesia for Labour
Labour pain in the first stage is visceral, arising from cervical dilatation and uterine contractions, transmitted via T10–L1. In the second stage, it becomes somatic due to stretching of the vagina and perineum, transmitted via S2–S4.
Methods for pain relief include:
- Non-pharmacological: Reassurance, breathing techniques, massage, warm baths, and TENS (Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation).
- Pharmacological (Systemic): Opioids such as pethidine or fentanyl, which may
Psycholinguistics: Language Processing, Speech Perception & Word Learning
1. Introduction to Psycholinguistics
Linguistics: structure of language
Psycholinguistics: how people use language
Competence vs. Performance: ideal knowledge vs. actual use
Descriptive vs. Prescriptive: what people do vs. what is prescribed
Metalinguistics: reflection on ones own language
Levels of Language:
Phonology (sounds), Morphology (word parts), Lexicon (words), Syntax (structure)
Structure-dependent rules: meaning depends on syntax, not only word order
Example: “The butcher’s brother cut himself”
Social Judgment and Moral Growth in Pride and Prejudice
The Anatomy of Social Judgment in Pride and Prejudice
Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen is far more than a witty romantic comedy; it is a profound and systematic examination of how human beings form judgments and how those judgments are perilously susceptible to the twin corruptions of pride and prejudice. Through the intricate courtship between the intelligent Elizabeth Bennet and the aloof Mr. Darcy, Austen constructs a masterful narrative that demonstrates how first impressions are often flawed,
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