Mastering Exception Handling and File I/O in Java
Exception Handling in Programming
Exception handling is a structured way to deal with runtime errors or exceptions that occur during the execution of a program. It allows the program to continue running or to terminate gracefully, rather than crashing unexpectedly. The process uses five main keywords: try, catch, throw, throws, and finally.
1. The try Block
The try block encloses the code segment that you suspect might cause an exception.
- Purpose: To designate a section of code for monitoring of exceptions.
AS-14 Amalgamation Accounting: Merger vs. Purchase
Accounting Treatment of Amalgamation as per AS-14
Accounting Standard (AS) 14, ‘Accounting for Amalgamations,’ issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI), prescribes the accounting treatment for amalgamations. The standard classifies amalgamations into two types, which determines the appropriate accounting method to be used by the Transferee Company (the acquiring/new company).
I. Types of Amalgamation
AS-14 distinguishes between two types of amalgamation based on the conditions
Read MoreBinary Tree Operations, Sorting Algorithms & CLL Pseudocode
Binary Tree Insert
1. ptr = ROOT; flag = FALSE
2. While (ptr != NULL) and (flag == FALSE) do
3. Case: ITEM < ptr->DATA
4. ptr1 = ptr
5. ptr = ptr->LCHILD
6. Case: ITEM > ptr->DATA
7. ptr1 = ptr
8. ptr = ptr->RCHILD
9. Case: ptr->DATA = ITEM
10. flag = TRUE
11. Print "ITEM already exists"
12. Exit
13. EndCase
14. EndWhile
15. If (ptr == NULL) then
16. new = GetNode(NODE)
17. new->DATA = ITEM
18. new->LCHILD = NULL
19. new->RCHILD HACCP Food Safety System Requirements and Principles
HACCP: Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points
HACCP stands for Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points. It is the adaptation of the Castilian acronym ALARA HACCP. It is a recognized international system to manage food safety. It is based on applying a preventive system to ensure the final product is free of hazards.
In 1993 the European Union made the application of HACCP in food businesses obligatory by Directive 93/43/EEC. In 1996 the relationship was established by Decree 2207/1995 laying
Read MoreBNS 2023: Property, Document and Reputation Offences
I. Offences Against Property
Property offences protect the security of ownership, possession, and lawful enjoyment of movable and immovable property. Under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (BNS), these offences are found in Chapter XVII and include theft, extortion, robbery, dacoity, criminal misappropriation, criminal breach of trust, cheating, and mischief. They are based on the principle that no person should unlawfully deprive another of their property or interfere with it dishonestly.
1. Theft
Read MoreSociological Concepts: Groups, Status, Stratification, and Law
1. Social Groups: Meaning, Characteristics, and Classification
Meaning of Social Groups
A social group is a set of individuals who interact regularly, share a sense of identity, and are bound by common norms, values, or goals. Unlike mere aggregates (like people waiting at a bus stop), a social group provides structure, stability, and predictability to interactions. Members perceive themselves as part of a distinct entity and develop a sense of belonging and loyalty.
Example: Family, student clubs,
Read MoreSedimentary Rocks: Detrital, Organic & Chemical Types
Detrital (Mechanical) Origin
Detrital or mechanical origin: mineral particles formed by the mechanical disintegration of other rocks. These particles are transported by agents such as water and accumulate as sand, gravel, blocks, ash and other clastic material.
Sandstone
Sandstone: an intermediate clastic rock formed from mechanically derived granules. It consists of consolidated masses of sand held together by a cement. Sandstone is essentially composed of quartz sand.
Cement (Matrix)
Cement: the material
Read MoreEnglish Grammar Structures Reference
English Grammar Structures
Perfect Continuous Tenses
- Present Perfect Continuous: I have been waiting.
- Past Perfect Continuous: I had been studying.
Conditional Sentences
Conditionals describe different types of hypothetical situations:
- Zero Conditional: Facts or truths. If + [simple present], … [simple present].
- First Conditional: Real possibilities in the future. If + [simple present], … will + [infinitive].
- Second Conditional: Unreal or improbable situations in the present or future. If + [simple
English Grammar Structures and Sentence Analysis
Grammatical Structures and Examples
0. Relative Clauses
Who, that, which, etc.
1. Appositive
Dr. Sanders, the one operating Amy, is a professional. (Una aclaración.)
2. Cleft Clauses
It was in June we got married.
3. Anticipatory
It is likely that we stay at home.
4. Prop (Dummy Pronoun)
It pero impersonal.
5. Referential
Where is my coat? Ah, there it is.
6. Existential/Non-existential
The bear is there / There happens to exist the possibility.
7. Indirect Object
Give him the book. (Sólo el him.)
8. Benefactive
Read MoreMoroccan Heritage and the Evolution of AI Technology
The Vibrant Charm of Marrakech
Marrakech, often called the “Red City,” is a fascinating and lively destination in Morocco, known for its rich cultural heritage and breathtaking architecture. Located at the foot of the Atlas Mountains, the city offers a mix of tradition and modernity.
The historic medina, a UNESCO World Heritage site, is a maze of narrow streets filled with bustling souks where merchants sell:
- Handmade crafts
- Aromatic spices
- Colorful fabrics
Iconic Landmarks of the Red City
At the heart
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