Interpretation vs Translation: Definitions, Types & Terms
Interpretation, Translation, Transliteration and Transcription
Longman Dictionary
LONGMAN DICTIONARY
Interpret (always verbal): understand someone’s action or statement; place a meaning on (e.g., interpret someone’s silence); put into the words of another language (e.g., interpret a sentence into a foreign language).
Translate (usually written): move speech or writing from one language to another (e.g., translate a book); to change from one form to another (e.g., “If we get elected we’ll translate
Read MoreManagerial Accounting Formulas: Variance, CVP, ROI & Decisions
Direct Materials and Labor Variances
Direct Materials and Labor:
Materials Price Variance = (AP – SP) x AQ
Materials Quantity Variance = (AQ – SQ) x SP
Materials Spending Variance = MPV + MQV
Labor Rate Variance = (AR – SR) x AH
Labor Efficiency Variance = (AH – SH) x SR
Labor Spending Variance = LRV + LEV
Standard Hours and Standard Cost
Standard Hours and Cost:
Standard Hours Allowed = standard hours per unit x actual output
Standard cost allowed = SQ x SP or SH x SR
Variable and Fixed Overhead Variances
Variable
Academic Practice: Reading Comprehension and Essay Writing
A Different Guided Tour
Questions and Answers
- 1.a) They can eat better and cheaper food elsewhere.
- 1.b) It’s best not to take children as they won’t enjoy it.
- 2.a) True — such tours are popular because most people want to see the same iconic sights.
- 2.b) False — it is a fascinating tour for many kinds of people.
- 2.c) False — they do not attract enough tourists to transform the areas.
Vocabulary: Synonyms
- spot — see
- springing up — starting
- on offer — available
- owing to — because of
Multiple
Read MoreEU Ordinary Legislative Procedure — Parliament & Council
The ordinary legislative procedure is the main method for adopting legislation in the EU. It involves the European Parliament and the Council of the EU as co-legislators. These two bodies work together to legislate in the EU.
Principal Legislators
- Council of the EU — Represents the governments of the Member States.
- European Parliament — Represents EU citizens directly.
Right of Legislative Initiative
- European Commission — The European Commission is the main institution with the right of legislative
Navigating Global Business: Culture, Economics, and Labour in Canada and Mexico
Canada’s Economic Landscape and Tech Opportunities
Canada faces a major economic challenge in managing regional unemployment as older industries decline and many workers lack the skills needed for modern technology-driven jobs. However, this situation also creates opportunities: Canada can expand its technology and innovation sectors to generate new employment, and it can attract global investment and skilled workers as international competition for tech leadership grows.
Corporate Sustainability
Mechanical Energy Accumulators and Dissipators
Mechanical Energy Accumulators
This is a device that can store or accumulate a certain amount of mechanical energy and return it when needed.
Types:
- Flywheel: Mechanical energy accumulated in the form of kinetic energy of rotation.
- Elastic Elements: Accumulate energy in the form of elastic potential energy.
Flywheel Details:
Consists of a wheel or disc, made of cast iron or steel, set on the motor shaft that rotates jointly with it.
Elastic Elements Details:
- Springs: These elastic elements are deformed
OOP Concepts: Inheritance, Polymorphism, and Exceptions
Definition of Inheritance
Inheritance is an OOP concept that allows a class (called the child or subclass) to acquire the properties and behaviors (fields and methods) of another class (called the parent or superclass).
- It promotes code reusability, modularity, and hierarchical classification.
- The child class can add new features or override existing ones of the parent class.
- Example Structure:
class Parent { /* fields and methods */ }class Child extends Parent { /* additional fields and methods */ }
Key Research Findings on Teacher Quality and Education Economics
Key Research Findings in Education
Teacher Value Added (VA) and Causality
Chetty, Friedman & Rockoff: VA is Causal
- Criticism of VA: Traditional VA is criticized because good students might be assigned to good teachers (selection bias).
- Methodology: Quasi-experiment using teacher entry/exit shocks. Test scores rise when a high-VA teacher enters (and vice versa).
- Findings: Teacher VA is causal and affects long-term outcomes, such as earnings and graduation rates.
Jackson: Traditional VA is Insufficient
- Measurement
Foundational Concepts in Management and Business
Definition of Management
A process of assembling and using sets of resources, in a goal-directed manner, to accomplish tasks in an organizational setting.
- F.W. Taylor: “The art of knowing what is to be done and seeing that it is done in the best possible manner.”
- Mary Parker Follett: “The art of getting things done through people.”
The concept can be traced back to Sir Thomas More (1474-1535), who described the division of work in “Utopia”.
Key Challenges in the 2000s
Managing Change, Managing Resources,
Read MoreAdmissibility of Confessions and Discovery Statements (Evidence Act S. 30 & S. 27)
Section 30: Confession of a Co-Accused in Joint Trials
When more persons than one are being tried jointly for the same offence, and a confession made by one of those persons affecting himself and some other of those persons is proved, the court may take into consideration the confession as against the other person as well as against the person who makes the confession.
Explanation of “Offence”
“Offence” as used in this section includes the abetment of or attempt to commit the offence.