Human Anatomy and Physiology: Body Systems, Tissues & Cells
Major Body Systems
Cardiovascular System
Heart: Pumps blood. Arteries/Veins: Transport blood. Blood: Carries oxygen, CO₂, nutrients, waste, and immune components.
Respiratory System
Nasal cavity: Filters air. Larynx: Produces voice and protects the airway. Lungs: Gas exchange (O₂, CO₂).
Digestive System
Mouth: Begins breakdown of food. Stomach: Acid and enzymes. Small intestine: Absorbs nutrients. Large intestine: Removes water and stores waste.
Urinary System
Kidneys: Form urine, maintain pH balance,
Read MoreGoogle China: Censorship, Ethics, and Market Access
Google in China: Values Versus Political Demands
Google’s case in China represents one of the clearest conflicts between the values of a global company and the political demands of an authoritarian government. Google wanted to enter China because it was one of the world’s largest internet markets, with millions of users and enormous economic potential. However, to operate there, it had to accept the rules of the Chinese government, which required censorship of sensitive topics such as Tibet, Falun
Read MoreFood Allergies, Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) & Space Tourism Facts
Food Allergies
Reading 1: True/False Statements
- False — “Sometimes, an allergic person may suffer a reaction from simply touching or smelling the dangerous food.”
- True — “by releasing chemicals such as histamine, which cause an allergic reaction.”
- True — “an anaphylactic reaction, which results in a decrease in the flow of blood to the heart, lungs or brain.”
- False — “recent research shows that teenagers … tend to minimise the risks.”
Lexicon
- something that is incorrect — a
U.S. History Timeline: Civil War to Civil Rights, 1860–1970s
Unit 7: Civil War, Reconstruction, and Jim Crow Era
The Road to the Civil War
- Kansas-Nebraska
- 1850s: continual debate over the future of the western territories — free or slave states?
- Compromise of 1850: California became a free state, but the Mexican cession (Utah & New Mexico territories) would be decided by popular sovereignty — people in the territory decide by vote.
- The South wanted popular sovereignty to decide the future of the Kansas & Nebraska territories.
Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)
Read MoreKey Concepts in Modern European History
Absolutism
Definition: A monarch possesses absolute power, rules by divine right, and centralizes government.
Key Examples
- France: Louis XIV, who famously stated, “I am the state.” Characterized by a strong army and expensive wars.
- Spain: Philip II led as a Catholic power, though subsequent wars weakened Spain.
- Russia: Peter the Great and Catherine the Great pursued westernization alongside autocracy, maintaining strong control and continuing serfdom.
Note: If the question mentions Parliament, law, or
Read MoreHuman Digestive System: Processes, Organs, and Functions
The Human Digestive System and Nutrition
The digestive system is fundamentally responsible for nutrition. Its primary functions are threefold: to obtain essential nutrients from food, to facilitate their distribution throughout the body, and to eliminate waste products.
Nutrition and Interacting Systems
Effective nutrition requires the coordinated effort of several biological systems:
- Digestive System: Obtains and processes nutrients.
- Respiratory System: Obtains necessary oxygen.
- Circulatory System: Transports
Strategic Analysis Tools: SWOT, Porter, BCG & Standards
5 A SWOT analysis guides you to identify your organization’s strengths and weaknesses (S-W), as well as broader opportunities and threats (O-T). Developing a fuller awareness of the situation helps with both strategic planning and decision-making. The SWOT method was originally developed for business and industry, but it is equally useful in the work of community health and development, education, and even for personal growth.
Porter’s Model of Five Forces
Porter’s Five Forces model is an analysis
Read MoreFinancial Instruments and Investor Safeguards in India
Bonds
Bonds are debt securities issued by borrowers to raise capital. Investors lend money to the borrower and receive regular interest payments and the return of their principal.
Characteristics of Bonds
- Fixed Income: Bonds offer a fixed rate of return in the form of interest payments.
- Maturity Date: Bonds have a specific maturity date when the principal is repaid.
- Credit Risk: Bonds carry credit risk, which is the risk of default by the borrower.
Types of Bonds
- Government Bonds: Issued by governments
Indian Philosophy, Logic, and Vedic Mathematics Concepts
Foundational Concepts in Indian Thought and Logic
I. Epistemology and Logic (Nyaya School)
1. Defining Knowledge Acquisition (Pramāṇas)
- Pratyaksha: Direct perception through the senses.
- Anumana: Knowledge gained through inference (e.g., smoke implies fire).
- Upamāna: Knowledge derived from comparison or analogy.
- Shabda: Knowledge received from reliable verbal testimony.
2. Components of Inference (Anumāna)
The five-step syllogism:
- Pratijña: The proposition (e.g., The hill has fire).
- Hetu: The reason
Property Transfers: Mortgages, Leases, Gifts, and Lis Pendens
Mortgage and Types
A mortgage is security for the payment of debt. A mortgage is created by the act of the parties through a written document providing security for the performance of a duty or the payment of the debt (See Section 58 of the Transfer of Property Act).
Definition of Mortgage
“Mortgage is a transfer of an interest in specific immoveable property for the purpose of securing the payment of money advanced by way of loan, an existing or future debt, or the performance of an engagement which
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