Corporate Social Responsibility and Ethical Marketing
Philanthropic Model of Corporate Social Responsibility
The Philanthropic Model of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) focuses on the charitable and voluntary activities of businesses. This model emphasizes the importance of giving back to society through donations, sponsorships, and community engagement initiatives.
Key Features
- Charitable Donations: Businesses donate funds or resources to support social causes, charities, or community projects.
- Community Engagement: Companies engage with local communities
MCS-213 Software Engineering: Priority Topics Summary
MCS-213 (Software Engineering) – High-Yield Topics (Priority A + B)
Condensed exam-ready answers with diagrams (copyright format).
1) SRS and Requirements Engineering (10 Marks)
Definition: Requirements Engineering (RE) is the process of eliciting, analyzing, specifying, validating, and managing requirements. The Software Requirements Specification (SRS) is the formal document stating what the system shall do (Functional Requirements, FR) and constraints/quality expectations (Non-Functional Requirements,
Animal Farm Chapters 6–10: Power and Corruption
Chapter 6
The animals work harder than ever to build the windmill, and Napoleon begins trading with neighboring farms, breaking one of the original commandments. The pigs move into the farmhouse and enjoy luxuries, justifying it as necessary for leadership. When the windmill is destroyed in a storm, Napoleon blames Snowball and uses it to increase fear and control.
Chapter 7
The animals suffer from hunger and harsh conditions. To hide the food shortage, Napoleon uses Mr. Whymper to spread false reports.
Read MoreData Structures Concepts: Lists, Dictionaries, Trees, Graphs
Lists
Ordered (different from sorted) and linear.
Duplicates allowed.
Implementation: Array list: good for iteration, resizable; add = slide to right, remove = slide to left to close gap. Linked list: nodes & pointers, no shifting, grows dynamically, good for lots of insertions/deletions.
Core operations: add(newEntry), add(pos, newEntry), remove(pos, newEntry), replace(pos, newEntry), getEntry(pos), contains(entry), toArray(), getLength – numberOfEntries, isEmpty(), clear(). Helper methods: ensureCapacity,
Geography Fundamentals: Physical and Atmospheric Concepts
Physical vs Human Geography
Physical Geography focuses on natural systems & processes (weather, climate, landforms). Human Geography focuses on culture, population, and cities.
Atmospheric Structure
- Pressure & density decrease with height.
- Temperature pattern by layer:
- Troposphere: $\downarrow$
- Stratosphere: $\uparrow$
- Mesosphere: $\downarrow$
- Thermosphere: $\uparrow$
- Inversion: Temperature increases with height in a layer.
- Temperature $\uparrow$ means molecules move faster.
Maps & Coordinates
- Global
Myanmar Village Rituals, Offerings and Family Traditions
ရွာပွဲနှင့် မျိုးဆက်အလေ့များ
်ေပဝရံ ဧသာန်ရပ်တွင်မှ ကံစပ်ကာ ဂဟေဆော်ကြ သူငယ်ဖော် အရွယ်ကောင်းတွေပေါ့ ဆယ်ချောင်းစီ ဆလံမြှောက် ပေါင်းရှစ်ယောက် ကောက်စိုက်သူ။
အေးချိုချို တေးအဆို လိုက်ကာပ
Bacterial and Viral Pathogen Profiles: Identification and Management
Pathogen Profiles: Identification and Management
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Identification
- Gram + Coccus: Oval cells arranged in pairs or short chains.
Form of Transmission
Often dwells in the pharynx or nasopharynx of healthy people. Spreads to the lungs, sinuses, ears, and meninges. It is common in children, adults living with them, and people with low levels of protective antibodies against the pneumococcus. It spreads easily from person to person through droplets of saliva. Diffusivity increases during
Read MoreModern Britain: Empire, Industry, and Social Upheaval
The Birth of Modern Britain: Empire, Industry, and Identity
The British Empire was not a monolithic entity but a complex, often contradictory system that evolved through opportunism, economic ambition, and military dominance.
Adam Smith’s Skepticism:
dismissed the idea of a coherent empire, calling it a “Project of an empire”—a haphazard collection of colonies and trade networks driven by profit rather than a unified vision.
Palmerston’s Imperial Pride:
By contrast, 19th-century statesman
Read MoreNapoleon’s Defeat and the Congress of Vienna
Napoleon’s Downfall and European Reaction
Being isolated caused England to intervene on too many fronts, from Spain to Russia; it is impossible to be victorious in all of them.
Spain: The Guerrilla War
Spain: Napoleon’s military difficulties began in Spain. The Spanish people refused to accept Napoleon’s brother as king and began a guerrilla war, which earned France a continuous drain of men and resources. Also in Spain, France received military aid from England.
The Russian Campaign Disaster
Napoleon
Read MoreEstimating Business Profitability and Working Results
Profitability Projections (Estimates of Working Results)
The estimates of working results may be prepared along the following lines:
Cost of Production
This represents the cost of materials, labour, utilities, and factory overheads as calculated earlier.
Total Administrative Expenses
This consists of:
- Administrative salaries
- Remuneration to directors
- Professional fees
- Light, postage, telegrams, and telephones, and office supplies (stationery, printing, etc.)
- Insurance and taxes on office property
- Miscellaneous