Amending Pakistan’s Constitution: Procedure
1. Introduction
The Constitution of Pakistan is considered rigid because it cannot be easily amended. There is a rigid and difficult procedure to amend the Constitution, making it inflexible. Article 238 empowers the Parliament to make amendments, and Article 239 provides the procedure for the amendment. Parliament does not have unlimited powers to make amendments to the Constitution; only the Constitution provides this right to Parliament.
2. Relevant Provisions
Articles 238 and 239.
3. Institution
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Decolonization in Asia and the Pacific
The process began in Asia in 1945, spurred by the Bandung Conference. The Movement of Non-Aligned Nations condemned
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India’s Foreign Relations with Pakistan
A Complex History
India and Pakistan share a turbulent history marked by conflicts, territorial disputes, and occasional attempts at reconciliation. The partition of British India in 1947 created these separate nations, leading to ongoing tensions, particularly over the Kashmir region.
Conflicts and Diplomatic Efforts
The Kashmir issue has fueled several wars and skirmishes. Despite these challenges, diplomatic initiatives like the Shimla Agreement and Lahore
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Legislation in Pakistan
The Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament), consisting of the National Assembly, Senate, and President, holds the primary responsibility for legislation in Pakistan.
Types of Bills
There are four main types of bills:
- Government Bills: Introduced by a minister and passed by a simple majority.
- Private Member’s Bills: Introduced by any member of Parliament and passed by a simple majority.
- Constitution Amendment Bills: Require a two-thirds majority vote in both Houses to amend the Constitution.