Decolonization, Conflicts, and Dictatorships: 1970-2001

Posted by on Mar 20, 2025 in History | 0 comments

Factors Influencing Decolonization

  • Weakening of metropolitan areas.
  • Right to self-determination.
  • Criticism of colonialism by the Socialist International.
  • Independence promised in exchange for help during wars.
  • Support for independence from the U.S. and USSR.
  • UN position on colonies.
  • Desire to avoid another war.

Asia: Conflicts and Political Changes

India and Pakistan

Confrontation between India and Pakistan over Kashmir.

Korea

Attempts to unify the two Koreas; armistice and economic cooperation.

Indonesia

Emergence

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Amending Pakistan’s Constitution: Procedure

Posted by on Mar 14, 2025 in Law & Jurisprudence | 0 comments

1. Introduction

The Constitution of Pakistan is considered rigid because it cannot be easily amended. There is a rigid and difficult procedure to amend the Constitution, making it inflexible. Article 238 empowers the Parliament to make amendments, and Article 239 provides the procedure for the amendment. Parliament does not have unlimited powers to make amendments to the Constitution; only the Constitution provides this right to Parliament.

2. Relevant Provisions

Articles 238 and 239.

3. Institution

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Decolonization and the Spanish Second Republic: A Historical Analysis

Posted by on Jan 20, 2025 in History | 0 comments

Decolonization: A Global Transformation

Decolonization refers to the process of dismantling colonial empires, a movement that significantly reshaped the global landscape between 1945 and 1965. This era marked the accession to independence for over 750 million people, profoundly impacting the political and social fabric of nations across the globe.

Decolonization in Asia and the Pacific

The process began in Asia in 1945, spurred by the Bandung Conference. The Movement of Non-Aligned Nations condemned

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Middle East, Europe, and Africa: Politics and Culture

Posted by on Jan 14, 2025 in History | 0 comments

Middle East

Lebanon is a parliamentary democratic republic with two main political groups: Hezbollah and the Beirut government. It has a Christian president, a Sunni Muslim prime minister, and a Shia Muslim parliament. The population is a mix of Muslims and Christians.

Turkey is characterized by religious and nationalist sentiments. The Islamic party often wins elections. The Kurds, a predominantly secular group, are often in opposition. The population is primarily Muslim and Turkish.

Iran is a theocratic,

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India’s Political Landscape: Foreign Relations, Emergency Controversies, and Coalition Politics

Posted by on May 5, 2024 in Social sciences | 0 comments

India’s Foreign Relations with Pakistan

A Complex History

India and Pakistan share a turbulent history marked by conflicts, territorial disputes, and occasional attempts at reconciliation. The partition of British India in 1947 created these separate nations, leading to ongoing tensions, particularly over the Kashmir region.

Conflicts and Diplomatic Efforts

The Kashmir issue has fueled several wars and skirmishes. Despite these challenges, diplomatic initiatives like the Shimla Agreement and Lahore

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