Decolonization of Asia and Africa: A Comparative Study
Decolonization of Asia and Africa
Great Britain, Holland, and France were the three most important colonial powers in Asia. The independence of the colonies had peculiar features in each case.
Decolonization in Asia
British Colonies
In Great Britain, the process was relatively peaceful. India achieved its independence in 1947, but at the expense of the separation of Pakistan (a country with a predominantly Muslim population). It was followed by Burma and Ceylon (now called Sri Lanka) in 1948, and Malaysia
Read MoreDecolonization, Conflicts, and Dictatorships: 1970-2001
Factors Influencing Decolonization
- Weakening of metropolitan areas.
- Right to self-determination.
- Criticism of colonialism by the Socialist International.
- Independence promised in exchange for help during wars.
- Support for independence from the U.S. and USSR.
- UN position on colonies.
- Desire to avoid another war.
Asia: Conflicts and Political Changes
India and Pakistan
Confrontation between India and Pakistan over Kashmir.
Korea
Attempts to unify the two Koreas; armistice and economic cooperation.
Indonesia
Emergence
Read MoreAmending Pakistan’s Constitution: Procedure
1. Introduction
The Constitution of Pakistan is considered rigid because it cannot be easily amended. There is a rigid and difficult procedure to amend the Constitution, making it inflexible. Article 238 empowers the Parliament to make amendments, and Article 239 provides the procedure for the amendment. Parliament does not have unlimited powers to make amendments to the Constitution; only the Constitution provides this right to Parliament.
2. Relevant Provisions
Articles 238 and 239.
3. Institution
Read MoreDecolonization and the Spanish Second Republic: A Historical Analysis
Decolonization: A Global Transformation
Decolonization refers to the process of dismantling colonial empires, a movement that significantly reshaped the global landscape between 1945 and 1965. This era marked the accession to independence for over 750 million people, profoundly impacting the political and social fabric of nations across the globe.
Decolonization in Asia and the Pacific
The process began in Asia in 1945, spurred by the Bandung Conference. The Movement of Non-Aligned Nations condemned
Read MoreMiddle East, Europe, and Africa: Politics and Culture
Middle East
Lebanon is a parliamentary democratic republic with two main political groups: Hezbollah and the Beirut government. It has a Christian president, a Sunni Muslim prime minister, and a Shia Muslim parliament. The population is a mix of Muslims and Christians.
Turkey is characterized by religious and nationalist sentiments. The Islamic party often wins elections. The Kurds, a predominantly secular group, are often in opposition. The population is primarily Muslim and Turkish.
Iran is a theocratic,
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