Underground Cable Installation: Best Practices and Safety
The conductor of cables used in underground lines will be copper or aluminum and be insulated with appropriate mixtures of polymeric compounds. It should also be adequately protected from corrosion that may be caused by the ground where they are installed and will have sufficient strength to withstand the stresses to which they may be subjected.
Cables may contain one or more conductors and have a rated voltage not less than 0.6 / 1 kV. The cross-section of these conductors will be adequate for the
Read MoreDiodes, Transistors, and Lead-Acid Batteries: Key Concepts
Diodes: Semiconductor Devices
A diode is a semiconductor device that allows electric current to pass in one direction, behaving similarly to a switch. The characteristic curve of a diode (IV) consists of two regions: below a certain potential difference, it acts like an open circuit (non-conducting), and above it, it acts like a closed circuit with very small electrical resistance. Because of this behavior, diodes are often called rectifiers, as they can suppress the negative part of any signal as
Read MoreComputer History and Fundamentals
Who is the Father of Computer?
Answer: Charles Babbage (December 26, 1791 – October 18, 1871). The father of the modern computer is Alan Turing.
What are the Features of a Computer?
Answer: The features of a computer are:
- Speed
- Accuracy
- Diligence
- Storage Capacity
- Versatility
What is Abacus?
Answer: The abacus, also known as a counting frame, is a calculating device that was used in Mesopotamia around 3500 BC.
What is the Block Diagram of a Computer?
The block diagram represents how data and instructions flow
Read MoreUnderstanding LAN, WAN, and Internet Networks
Network Information
LAN and WAN Networks
LAN (Local Area Network) and WAN (Wide Area Network) are networks that connect two or more computers, often within a local area. These networks facilitate the sharing of information, documents, and programs.
LAN: A local network.
WAN: Often refers to the internet.
To physically connect computers in a LAN, you need network cables and a network card with a connector. A braided cable, consisting of four pairs of wires, connects to a HUB, which acts as a distributor,
Read MoreSemi-Dry Sump and Direct Fuel Injection Systems
Semi-Dry Sump Injection
Used in motors where there is no D-Q pair. Injectors open simultaneously in the cylinders. Injection occurs in each downward stroke. A homogeneous mixture is achieved. The system incorporates fans and a compressor for cooling in some circumstances. It also incorporates a system for the recirculation of exhaust gases for pollution control.
MAP Sensor
Measures the absolute air pressure in the intake manifold and sends a signal to the UEC (Engine Control Unit). A higher pressure
Read MoreMetallic Bonds, Semiconductors, and Electronic Components
Metallic Bond and Band Theory
Metallic bond describes the bond strength between atoms in a metal. Two main theories explain this: electron sea theory and band theory.
Band Theory
When atoms combine, they form molecular orbitals (MOs) that belong to the entire molecule. The linear combination of two atomic orbitals (AOs) results in two MOs, corresponding to two energy levels. One MO has higher energy than the original AOs (antibonding MO), and the other has lower energy (bonding MO). When s orbitals
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