Process Control Strategies: Cascade, Ratio, and Feedback Control
Process Control Strategies
Cascade Control
A cascade control system utilizes two process measurements, two controllers, and a single final control element. This architecture enhances disturbance rejection by employing a secondary loop to control the coolant temperature, thereby improving the primary loop’s control over the product stream temperature.
Ratio Control
A ratio controller maintains a specified ratio between two streams, typically used in blending applications. It adjusts the flow rate of
Read MoreUnderstanding CNC Programming and Metal Cutting Processes
CNC Programming and Metal Cutting Processes
Axis of Spindle Rotation in CNC Programming
In CNC programming, the spindle, which holds and rotates the cutting tool, typically rotates along the Z-axis.
Understanding G-Code Blocks
Block N10 G91 G28 X0
This block commands the machine to:
- Set the movement mode to incremental (G91).
- Send the tool to its home position along the X-axis (G28) incrementally, meaning it will move 0 distance from its current location.
Block N20 G43 H2
This block instructs the machine
Read MoreManufacturing Processes and Production Systems: A Comprehensive Guide
Product Variety and Production Quantity
Relationship in Typical Factories
Production quantity and product variety generally have an inverse relationship. Factories producing a wide variety of products tend to have lower quantities for each product, while those specializing in a single product often have higher production volumes.
Manufacturing Capability
Manufacturing capability encompasses the technical and physical limitations of a manufacturing company and its individual plants. The text highlights
Read MoreConcrete and Structural Frames
Concrete Work
1. Define cement and the function of the paste.
2. Why is it desirable to use a maximum amount of aggregate when making concrete?
3. List the 4 classifications of aggregate to produce a unit density of 135 – 160 lb/cft.
4. List 3 basic types of concrete based upon the unit density and 2 ingredients of each.
5. What does the largest size of course aggregate depend upon – list 3?
6. Describe the differences between the 2 different classes of natural aggregates.
7. Briefly describe the 8 different
Read MoreStrengthening and Modifying Masonry Walls: A Comprehensive Guide
Strengthening Reinforced Concrete Structures
Jacketing
Jacketing involves adding a reinforced concrete section to an existing structural member, restoring it to its original dimensions or increasing its size using suitable materials.
Sprayed Concrete (Shotcrete)
Sprayed concrete is a common technique for repairing and strengthening reinforced concrete structures. Two processes are used: dry mix and wet mix sprayed concrete.
Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP)
FRP is a strong, lightweight, corrosion-resistant
Read MoreCloud Computing: A Comprehensive Guide
1. What is Cloud Computing? Discuss the features that make cloud computing better than traditional on-premise computing.
Cloud Computing refers to manipulating, configuring, and accessing the hardware and software resources remotely. It offers online data storage, infrastructure, and application. Cloud computing offers platform independency, as the software is not required to be installed locally on the PC. Hence, the Cloud Computing is making our business applications mobile and collaborative.
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