Common Polymers: Types, Trade Names, and Applications
Phenolic Resins
Phenolic resins are formed by combining phenol (carbolic acid) with formaldehyde. They are known for their electrical insulation properties and are used in power supplies, handles, switches, plugs, housings, and various boxes. Trade names include Bakelite, Durito, and Resiform.
Urea Resins
Urea resins are synthetic materials made from urea and formaldehyde. They are commonly used in electrical equipment (switches, plugs), insulation boards, and kitchen items. Trade names include Pollopas, Cellodal, Resimine, and Resopla.
Melamine Resins
Melamine resins are primarily composed of melamine (derived from calcium carbide and nitrogen) and formaldehyde. Their applications are similar to those of urea resins. Trade names include Novoplay and Ultraplas.
Polyester Resins
Polyester resins are derived from coal tar and styrene. They are colorless but can be colored and are often used with glass fiber fillers for added strength. Applications include boat hulls, vehicle bodies, transparent roof panels, and hard paints. Trade names include Philo and Lamilux.
Polyurethane
Polyurethane is a versatile synthetic material known for its high elasticity. It is used in foam, straps, adhesives, and paints. Polyurethane consists of a polyester and a benzene derivative.
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
Polyvinyl chloride, commonly known as PVC, is made from acetylene and hydrochloric acid. It is used in both rigid and flexible forms. Rigid PVC is found in pipes, valves, and housings, while flexible PVC is used in tubing, artificial leather, and waterproof materials. Trade names include Vinylite, Vinidur, and Nipolan.
Polystyrene
Polystyrene is derived from styrene, a petroleum and benzene product. It is used to make plates, films, foams, and various office supplies. Trade names include Lustron, Polistirolo, and Diplene.
Polyamides (Nylon)
Polyamides, commonly known as Nylon, are derived from coal and possess excellent mechanical properties, including wear resistance and machinability. They are used in casings, pump housings, fans, fasteners, and electrical instruments. Trade names include Nylon and Perlon.
Polyethylene
Polyethylene is a direct derivative of oil. It has a waxy appearance, good acid resistance, and electrical insulation properties. Applications include taps, valves, pipes, buckets, drums, gears, and tool handles. Trade names include Polythene, Dylan, and Hostalen.
Polymethacrylates (Acrylic)
Polymethacrylates, also known as acrylic, are derived from acetylene and are known for their exceptional transparency. They are used in transparent panels, lenses, and lighting fixtures. Trade names include Plexiglas, Perspex, and Lucita.
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)
Polytetrafluoroethylene, commonly known as Teflon, is a synthetic material derived from acetylene. It is highly resistant to temperature and acids and is used in non-lubricated bearings, seals, electrical insulation, and more. Trade names include Teflon, Fluon, Hostaflon, and Algoflón.
Other Common Polymers and Their Applications
- Polypropylene: Used in food containers, rugs, and various plastic products.
- Nylon: Used in fibers, thermoplastics, stockings, ropes, parachutes, and toothbrush bristles.
- Silicone: Used in elastomers, lubricants, sealants, heat-resistant parts, and hair conditioners.
- Polycarbonate: Used in shatterproof windows, eyeglass lenses, and electrical components.
- Cellulose: A natural fiber found in wood, paper, cotton, and other materials.
- Polyester: Used in fibers, plastics, bottles, and clothing.
- Acrylic: Used in fabrics, carpets, and outdoor products.
- Nomex and Kevlar: Used in bulletproof vests, tires, and protective clothing.