Textual Cohesion and Structure
O. Juxtaposed: Linked punctuation marks, mainly dependent. O. Coordinates: Same syntactic level, all simple clauses are independent. Copulatives-C-> Links together (and / or). Disjunctives-D-> United links (and / or be.. / ara…ara…). Adversatives-A: Links together (but / yet / however…). Subordinated O.: Hierarchical relationship among clauses – main clause and propositions.
Subordinated Clauses-Substantive. Subordinated Clauses-Adjectives related resources. Subordinated Clauses-Adverbial
Read MoreLinguistic Diversity in Spain and Catalonia
Linguistic Diversity in the World
Diversity is a concept originally used in ecology to refer to the richness of living species within an ecosystem. In the field of linguistics, linguistic diversity means the coexistence of different languages. There are more than 6,000 different languages, many of which are endangered.
The Language Families
The evolution of languages has established language families that have diversified into subgroups of different languages.
Linguistic Diversity in Spain
- Spanish: Official
Languages of Spain: A Comprehensive Guide
1. Introduction
Known as the language, all signs and rules are used by speakers of the same linguistic community. At present, four languages are spoken in Spain. Three are of Indo-European origin, derived from Latin: Galician, Castilian, and Catalan. Basque or Euskera is a non-Indo-European language of unknown origin. Two other Latin dialects, Asturian-Leonese and Navarro-Aragonese, have also survived as languages.
2. Castilian
Castilian emerged in the north of the peninsula. When Castilla established
Read MoreHuman Nature, Culture, and Socialization
1. Human Nature and Individual Culture
1.1 Culture and the Human Animal
The study of human nature is rooted in biological constitution. This allows us to discover the innate capacity for culture within ourselves. Human beings are animals whose unique biological nature opens them to the cultural order: language, technology, morals, law, art, economics, religion, and science. This is why we are cultural animals.
Our nature introduces an effective adaptation mode. Language provides symbolic and technical
Read MoreLanguage Substitution: Causes, Processes, and Strategies
Language Substitution
Substitution Process
In any language, two simultaneous actions affect a linguistic structure, while the other acts on the social body.
1) Linguistic Structure
Throughout history, all the world’s languages have been nourished by linguistic loans. This fact is not always necessarily linked with substitution. However, when the incorporation of loans becomes massive, leading to the impoverishment and weakening of the entire linguistic system, we enter the first stage of a second phase:
Read MoreThe 18th Century and the Enlightenment in Spain: A Literary Overview
UNIT 1: The Eighteenth Century and the Enlightenment
Concept
The Enlightenment emerged from man’s departure from his self-imposed minority, understanding minority as the inability to use one’s own understanding without the guidance of another.
Features
Throughout the eighteenth century, a new mindset developed in Europe, linked to anthropology and the Renaissance, breaking with the Baroque worldview. This new mentality, the Enlightenment, challenged the principle of authority and embraced the supremacy
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