Legalization of Politics and the Judiciary’s Role in Democracy
Unit 3 – Justice and Politics (1)
Legalization of politics, democratic constitutionalism and separation of powers (Gisele Cittadino)
Objective: Explain the relationship between law and politics in Brazil.
Legalization of political or judicial activism. Central theme. Accountability of judges on the basis of democratic constitutionalism. Expansion of the Judiciary (general concept of legalization of politics) in the context of contemporary constitutional democracies (context). Consequences: definition
Read MoreIntroduction to Linguistics: Basic and Derived Concepts
Basic and Derived Concepts in Linguistics
Ellipsis
Definition: Reduction of grammatical complexity (avoiding repetition).
Unmarked
Definition: Basic order S-P-O-A-C.
Background
Already a basic clause.
Fronting
S-P-O-A-C-A becomes O-C-A-S-P.
S-P Inversion
S-P-A becomes A-P-S.
Relative Pronoun Omission
Occurs only preceding the subject.
Example: The stories which he invented were incredible.
Omission in Comparative Clauses
Example:
Rodrigo should learn these rules faster than Pablo should learn these rules.
Rodrigo
Mass Culture as an Instrument of Domination
Ideology and Hegemony
Ideology According to Giddens
A set of shared ideas or beliefs that serve to justify the interests of dominant groups. Ideologies exist in all societies in which there are systematic and ingrained inequalities between groups. Ideological systems serve to legitimize the power held by the group difference.
According to Marx
Ideology is a masking of reality, especially the socioeconomic reality of the relations of production and purposes of the ruling class, to serve the interests
Read MoreText Types and Properties: A Comprehensive Guide
Text Types
Narrative Text
Definition: Tells a story with characters and actions within a specific time and space. It’s a fictional creation, but can incorporate elements of reality. Subjective in nature.
Features: Expressive, emotive, appealing, connotative, conative, and phatic.
Form: Prose or verse.
Structure:
- Introduction: Introduces characters, setting (time and place), and the inciting incident that triggers the action. Description is predominant.
- Rising Action/Climax: Action becomes complicated,
Understanding Sociology: A Comprehensive Overview
What is Sociology?
Sociology, a social science, studies human society, communities, groups, institutions, and the relationships within them. It examines human behavior and intentions within a social context. Sociology investigates the structure, processes, and nature of human society. While an economist might study the development of capitalism, a sociologist observes the social sectors comprising that economy. Sociology differs from other social sciences in its degree of generality, yet their
Read MoreAvant-Garde Literature: A Reaction and Revolution
Avant-Garde Literature
Definition
The Avant-Garde and Novecento movements share similarities. Both emerged between the World Wars as artistic reactions against earlier literature. However, the Avant-Garde’s reaction was more radical and violent.
The term “Avant-Garde” originated during World War I (1914-1919) to describe the artistic interests of the outpost of European culture. This period fostered unity among European artists. It wasn’t a single movement but a collection of diverse movements with
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