Evolution of the European Union: From Origins to Institutions
Orígenes del Europeanismo y la Cooperación
En Europa hubo un progreso significativo en el campo del derecho internacional. Todos los países aceptaron los principios de cooperación entre naciones europeas. Los congresos y conferencias universales de paz reforzaron la convicción de que era necesario mejorar la cooperación entre los estados europeos. La vinculación del derecho a la paz fue un gran avance. El fin de la Primera Guerra Mundial evidenció la necesidad de avanzar hacia una unión
Read MoreEssential Political and Economic Terms
Human Rights
Refers to the set of freedoms and rights every person has from birth.
Chambers
A body belonging to a political system responsible for regulation.
Universal Suffrage
An electoral system which gives the right to vote to all adult citizens of both sexes.
Constitution
The supreme law that all citizens must obey without exception.
Quebec
The largest province of Canada, the only one that has French as its official language.
Apartheid
A system of racial segregation.
Diaspora
The separation of ethnic or
Read MoreBuguental’s Humanistic Psychology Concepts and Techniques
Buguental: Basic Postulates
- The person is the sum of their components.
- Existence of a self consumed within relationships.
- The lives of conscious human beings.
- The self chooses and decides.
- Goal-oriented lives.
Position of the Therapist
- The self is in the center of psychology, against scientific requirements of objectivity.
- Give more importance to the sense of ‘what’ than to procedural issues.
- Validations are based on human criteria.
- Rely on phenomenological guidance.
- Attaches importance to qualitative methods.
Marx’s Theory of Historical Materialism
Historical materialism is the Marxist theory of world history that explains how history has unfolded through various modes of production. The means of production, along with the relations of production, determine the economic structure of society, which shapes the general course of history.
Marx’s analysis of society results in two fundamental layers: what he called the economic structure of society (the base) and the superstructure.
Base and Superstructure Explained
The Economic Structure (Base)
The
Read MoreJoaquín Costa on Spain’s Restoration Politics
Joaquín Costa’s Critique of Restoration Spain
This text is an excerpt from the book Oligarchy and Despotism, Agrarian Collectivism and Other Writings by Joaquín Costa. Joaquín Costa, the author, was a prominent member of a school of thought from the early twentieth century called Regenerationism, which challenged the political system of the Restoration and sought “a regeneration of Spain.” Costa was also a leading politician, historian, and jurist from Aragon. One of his favorite slogans was “
Read MoreMultilingualism, Multiculturalism, and Education Systems
Multilingualism and Multiculturalism
Multiculturalism is a way to respond to the cultural and religious diversity of a place, and multilingualism is the use of two or more languages, either by an individual speaker or by a community of speakers.
On the one hand, as Kenya Advisor (2011) says, the presence of several cultures makes the city multicultural. Similarly, immigrants and people from various tribes speak different languages, also making this area multilingual. Furthermore, each tribe has its
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