Different conceptions of education a child
Communalism refers to a situation where people develop strong loyalty towards their own religious group and begin to see other religious groups as enemies or threats. It creates division in society based on religion and encourages an “us vs. Them” mindset. Communalism arises when religious identity becomes more important than national identity, and when political leaders, organisations or groups use religion to gain power, votes or influence. Historically, factors like colonial policies of “divide
Read MoreConstitutional Bodies and Local Governance Reforms in India
Election Commission of India (ECI)
The ECI is a self-governing constitutional authority that regulates the election process in India in accordance with the Indian Constitution. The ECI was established on January 25, 1950, with the goal of managing the country’s electoral process. The ECI is in charge of overseeing elections from the President down to the State Legislative Assemblies. According to Article 324 of the Indian Constitution, the Election Commission of India has supervisory and directing
Read MoreKey Concepts in Media and Cultural Theory
Glossary of Terms
A
- Active Audience: The idea that audiences actively interpret media texts.
- Agency: The capacity of individuals to act within discursive constraints.
- Anti-essentialism: The view that identities have no fixed or natural essence.
- Arbitrariness of the Sign: The idea that the link between signifier and signified is historically constructed.
- Archaeology: Analysis of historical conditions that shape knowledge.
- Articulation: A temporary linkage between different social or identity elements.
B
- Base:
Indian Economic Evolution, Statecraft, and Cultural Epics
Five Characteristics of the Indian Economic Model
The Indian Economic Model is distinct from Western capitalism or socialism. It is society-driven, value-based, and rooted in family and community systems, focusing on harmony between wealth creation and social welfare.
1. Family-Based Economy
- The family forms the foundation of most Indian businesses. Multiple generations contribute to the success of the enterprise.
- It promotes shared responsibility, long-term stability, and trust.
- Example: Reliance Industries
Basque Political Forces and the First Spanish Republic
The PNV (Basque Nationalist Party) was a key player during the first republic. Political nationalists, encompassing both right and left wings, were active. Early studies suggested that nationalists did not expect the traditionalists to promote the autonomy statute.
Two groups shared common political objectives, such as opposing secularism and defending regional charters (fueros). The town of Estella was chosen for an assembly where the first and second stages were carried out, involving traditionalists
Read MoreRise of European Nationalism and Power Sharing Models
Congress of Vienna (1815)
- Leader: Chaired by Austrian Chancellor Metternich.
- Restore Monarchies: Reinstated rulers who were removed by Napoleon.
- Redraw Boundaries: Restructured European borders to maintain a balance of power among states.
- Conservative Goal: Suppress the growth of liberal and nationalist movements in Europe.
Liberalism in 19th-Century Europe
- Meaning: Liberalism stood for freedom of the individual and equality before the law, opposing privileges based on birth.
- Political Aspect: Favored