Foundations of Global Studies: Citizenship, Empires, and Economic Systems

Global Citizenship: Meaning and Abilities

Global Citizenship is the recognition of responsibility beyond national borders and the acknowledgment of global connections. It is not a legal status but a fundamental perspective.

Key Thinkers on Global Citizenship

  • Socrates: Coined the term “Citizen of the world.”
  • Immanuel Kant: Advocated for a universal community leading toward peace.
  • Giuseppe Mazzini: Stressed duties owed to all humanity.
  • Political Debate (2008–2009): Contrasting views between Barack
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Liberalism, Neoliberalism and Economic Nationalism

The Evolution of Liberalism

Liberalism has not died, but has continuously evolved in response to economic crises, social change, and political pressures. Although its principles have been challenged at different moments in history, liberalism remains one of the most influential traditions in international political economy and continues to shape global economic institutions and policy debates.

Classical Liberalism and Its Principles

Classical liberalism emerged in the late eighteenth century with thinkers

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Wellness Trends, Indian Art, and Ancient Kingdoms

Understanding Health Consciousness

Health consciousness is the degree to which an individual is aware of, interested in, and actively monitors their own health while making lifestyle choices to maintain or improve their well-being. It involves a mindset where health considerations—encompassing physical, mental, and social well-being—are integrated into daily decisions about diet, exercise, stress management, and consumption habits.

Defining Health Consciousness

Health consciousness is a psychosocial

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Essential Historical and Political Concepts

Key Historical and Political Terms

A to E

  • Anachronism — An error of chronological logic or the misplacement of chronology.
  • Anthropocene — A period in history, the most recent geological epoch, in which the presence of human beings has made an imprint on the surface of the Earth by way of radioactive fallout, microplastics, and heavy metals, as well as the influencing of the Earth’s climate.
  • Capitalism — An economic system in which the means of production are privately owned (instead of by the
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Comparative Politics: UK and US Constitutional Features

  • 1. Comparative Method: The comparative method involves studying political systems by contrasting their institutions, processes, and functions to understand similarities, differences, and advance political theory.

Features of UK Constitution

The UK Constitution is unwritten, flexible, and founded on conventions, statutes, and judicial decisions. Parliamentary sovereignty is its primary characteristic.

Features of USA Constitution

The US Constitution is written, rigid, and federal. It establishes the

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Ireland’s Dual Identity: Gaeilge Revival and Economic Globalization

The Irish Language: History, Identity, and Decline

Gaeilge: A Pillar of Irish Cultural Identity

The Irish language, or Gaeilge, was once the main language spoken in Ireland. It is more than a simple means of communication; it represents a way for people to share ideas, emotions, and traditions. It also serves as a community bond, a sense of identity, and a link to historical memory. Through language, communities preserve their culture and distinguish themselves from others, making it an essential

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