Understanding Historical Development: Rationality, Society, and Technology
The Rationality of Historical Development
Everything that exists is rational; it has had or has a useful role, facilitating development.
Rationality and Surviving Native Elements
Rationality is inherent in each stage of historical development. The adjustment of the superstructure to the structure is sufficient reason to consider a social lifestyle. Surviving native elements, important to this development, can become barriers to higher forms of social life.
Rationality as a Historical Concept
A rational
Read MoreImpact of Globalization and Technology on Economic Structures
The Advancement of Technology and Globalization Connected
The application of new communication technologies (computing and telematics) has made economic globalization possible, as contacts and exchanges between different sites of the same company or between different companies can be established in a snapshot and simultaneously. Globally, economic globalization has brought:
The Relocation and Industrial Collapse. Industries can locate anywhere in the world where there are more advantages. Besides,
Understanding Historical Materialism: Society, Production, and Class Struggle
Historical Materialism
The Marxist theory of history is called historical materialism. Its fundamental idea is to reinterpret history in terms of material conditions of production, rather than abstract concepts.
Humans, and by extension society, are the product of material production. Understanding society requires analyzing the actions of transforming nature through work and the economy. According to Marx, material production is primary, not cultural productions.
Marx’s theory is materialist because
Read MoreEvolution of Scientific Thought: From Inductivism to Modern Perspectives
The Question for Science
In the twentieth century, most scientific problems were linked to technology.
Different Conceptions of Science
Some believe science provides objective, true, and reliable knowledge, while others don’t differentiate between modern science and myths or magic. The conception of science is widening to include social and psychological aspects, traditionally distant from science.
Falsificationism vs. Inductivism
Rudolf Carnap’s inductive conception argued that science offers objective,
Read MoreEducational Communication and Knowledge: Theoretical vs. Practical
2. Educational Communication
Education is educational as it promotes training, impacting the learner’s subjectivity. Effective lessons elevate the apprentice. Human formation is tied to communication and language development. Communication is sharing information, with participation as its core. It’s a philosophically established relationship where beings involve each other, a real connection involving a donation of something. This spiritual participation enriches the recipient without impoverishing
Read MoreIslamic Legitimacy and Arab Tribal Society
4. Islamic Legitimacy and Ideology
Every organization needs social legitimacy, which is provided by ideology. Legitimation: A set of arguments explaining that the organization is “natural” under the assumption that the entire universe has an order, and all must adapt.
Ideology is often projected on a theory of knowledge, i.e., an explanation of the world and the role of humans in it. The theory of knowledge was initially developed by philosophy, but from the Middle Ages, it was in open conflict with
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