Understanding Social Exclusion: Causes, Forms, and Solutions
Weaknesses
The lack of capacity or resources generally considered necessary to fully develop human potential.
Hurricane Katrina
Certain individuals or groups are perceived by the rest of society as having distinguishing features.
Indifference
An attitude of lack of interest and compassion that leads us to worry about the situation and problems of others.
Xenophobia
From the Greek word meaning fear of the stranger or foreigner. It applies to attitudes of fear and hatred of people and things perceived as
Read MoreCapitalism: A Comprehensive Analysis
Capitalism
Capitalism is an economic system where private individuals and businesses carry out the production and exchange of goods and services through market transactions involving prices and markets. While its origins trace back to antiquity, it solidified in the late nineteenth century. This system extended globally, becoming the dominant socioeconomic model until World War I, when communism emerged as an alternative.
Scottish philosopher Adam Smith first described the fundamental principles
Read MoreSystem Dynamics: Energy, Information, and Feedback Loops
System Element
A system requires energy and information inputs from its environment (e.g., sun, earth, water) to function and sustain its internal components, including living organisms (fauna).
The term “energy” encompasses all these necessary inputs. A system’s input current represents the energy required for its operation and maintenance.
Generally, the energy within an environmental care system follows the law of conservation: the energy remaining in a system equals the imported energy minus the
Read MoreEU Allocation of Competences
Allocation of Competences in the European Union
The System of Powers
The European Union operates based on the principle of conferred powers. This means the EU can only act within the limits of the powers granted to it by the Treaties. Member States retain national jurisdiction unless it’s explicitly transferred to the EU. This transfer must be specific, outlining both the substantive scope and the courses of action permitted.
Principle of Authority
The EU must have a specific legal basis for its actions,
Read MoreUnderstanding the State: A Deep Dive
The State
A state is a set of institutions created to organize the life and activity of people living in the same territory, governed by the same laws under the same power.
The Territory
A state’s territory is typically well-defined by borders, distinguishing it from other states and territories. Beyond these borders, a state cannot exert its power or enforce its laws.
The Population
People living within a state’s territory are subject to its power and laws. They have a number of rights and obligations
Read MoreNeoclassical Theory in Economics and Administration
Neoclassicism
Origins and Evolution
The term Neoclassicism first appeared in the 18th century as a derogatory term for the aesthetic movement reflecting Enlightenment principles. These principles, originating in mid-18th-century philosophy, spread across various cultural domains. However, after Napoleon’s downfall, artists shifted towards Romanticism, leaving Neoclassicism behind.
Neoclassical Economics
In economics and political science, neo-classical or neoclassical economics refers to an economic
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