Ayn Rand’s Anthem: Knowledge as Rebellion and Freedom
Knowledge Empowers Independent Thought
Knowledge empowers individuals and societies by providing the tools to understand the world, question norms, and think independently. It enables people to challenge authority, disrupt outdated power structures, and inspire progress. At the same time, knowledge fosters self-awareness and critical thinking, helping individuals grow beyond passive acceptance. In this way, it drives both personal development and meaningful societal change.
Anthem: Erasing Individuality
Ayn
Read MoreCaste, Reservation and Social Justice in India
Caste as a Structure of Inequality
Caste as a Structure of Inequality:
By birth-based hierarchy / unequal access to resources.
Occupational inequality / social distance.
Caste as a System of Discrimination
Forms of Discrimination:
- Social discrimination
- Economic discrimination
- Educational discrimination
- Political discrimination
Psychological and cultural problems.
Implementation-related problems
Constitutional Provisions for SCs and OBCs
Equality and Protection
- Article 14 – Equality before the law.
- Article 15(
Cross-Cultural Communication and Speech Community Dynamics
Understanding Speech Communities
A speech community is a group of people who share a set of linguistic norms and expectations regarding the use of language. Each person belongs to various social groups formed by family ties, work, or common interests and hobbies. In a language, this is reflected through slang, idioms, registers, and different expressions to greet, apologize, or disagree. Language also signals identity and belonging. For example, university students use academic language, gamers use
Read MorePolitical Science Fundamentals: State, Sovereignty, and Welfare
Political Science Fundamentals
Political Science is the systematic study of power, government, and the state. It aids in understanding and improving society by promoting citizenship, good governance, social justice, and foreign policy. Its nature is both scientific and philosophical, encompassing various fields such as public administration, comparative politics, and international relations. Its core characteristic is the analysis of government structures and human political behavior.
Importance of
Read MoreSpain’s Turning Point: Military, Political, and Social Upheaval of 1917
The Triple Crisis of 1917 in Spain
The serious difficulties facing the policy of the Restoration, combined with the problem of social unrest and military discontent, culminated in a general protest.
The Military Protest and the Juntas de Defensa
The Spanish army had an excessive number of officers. Tension was aggravated by the fact that promotions were made mostly by war merits. The strong discontent among lower and middle-ranking officers led to the formation of the Juntas de Defensa (Councils of
Read MoreHistorical Foundations of Indian Law and Social Evolution
Unit 1: Foundations of History and Law
The Relationship Between History and Law
History and Law are closely interrelated disciplines because law evolves from the historical experiences of society. History records customs, traditions, conflicts, and social changes, while law gives these experiences a formal and enforceable structure. In early societies, long-followed customs gradually developed into binding legal rules. Major historical events such as revolutions, reform movements, and struggles for
Read More