The Northern Ireland Conflict: History, Peace, and Politics
The Northern Ireland Conflict: Communities and Paramilitary Groups
In Northern Ireland, there are two main communities:
- Unionists (mostly Protestant, seeking to remain part of the United Kingdom).
- Republicans (mostly Catholic, seeking to join the Republic of Ireland).
During The Troubles (1968–1998), both sides maintained paramilitary groups. Key groups included:
- Unionist/Loyalist Side: The UVF (Ulster Volunteer Force), the UDR (Ulster Defence Regiment), and the LVF (Loyalist Volunteer Force).
- Republican
Ancient Indian Literature, Philosophy, and Political Formations
Historical Glory of Ancient Indian Literature
The historical glory of ancient Indian literature lies in its vastness, philosophical depth, and enduring influence across cultures and millennia. It is a fundamental source of knowledge about the beliefs, practices, and values of ancient Indian civilization.
Key Literary Works
Ancient Indian literature, primarily composed in Sanskrit, can be broadly categorized:
- Vedic Literature (Śruti – “that which is heard”): These are considered the oldest sacred texts
Foundations of Global Studies: Citizenship, Empires, and Economic Systems
Global Citizenship: Meaning and Abilities
Global Citizenship is the recognition of responsibility beyond national borders and the acknowledgment of global connections. It is not a legal status but a fundamental perspective.
Key Thinkers on Global Citizenship
- Socrates: Coined the term “Citizen of the world.”
- Immanuel Kant: Advocated for a universal community leading toward peace.
- Giuseppe Mazzini: Stressed duties owed to all humanity.
- Political Debate (2008–2009): Contrasting views between Barack
Liberalism, Neoliberalism and Economic Nationalism
The Evolution of Liberalism
Liberalism has not died, but has continuously evolved in response to economic crises, social change, and political pressures. Although its principles have been challenged at different moments in history, liberalism remains one of the most influential traditions in international political economy and continues to shape global economic institutions and policy debates.
Classical Liberalism and Its Principles
Classical liberalism emerged in the late eighteenth century with thinkers
Read MoreWellness Trends, Indian Art, and Ancient Kingdoms
Understanding Health Consciousness
Health consciousness is the degree to which an individual is aware of, interested in, and actively monitors their own health while making lifestyle choices to maintain or improve their well-being. It involves a mindset where health considerations—encompassing physical, mental, and social well-being—are integrated into daily decisions about diet, exercise, stress management, and consumption habits.
Defining Health Consciousness
Health consciousness is a psychosocial
Read MoreEssential Historical and Political Concepts
Key Historical and Political Terms
A to E
- Anachronism — An error of chronological logic or the misplacement of chronology.
- Anthropocene — A period in history, the most recent geological epoch, in which the presence of human beings has made an imprint on the surface of the Earth by way of radioactive fallout, microplastics, and heavy metals, as well as the influencing of the Earth’s climate.
- Capitalism — An economic system in which the means of production are privately owned (instead of by the