Catholic Teaching on Capital Punishment and Self-Defense
The Death Penalty in Catholic Teaching
Pope John Paul II addresses the issue of the death penalty in his encyclical Evangelium Vitae (The Gospel of Life), specifically in Chapter III, number 56, paragraph 52. In light of the question asked by the young man and the importance of keeping all the commandments, the Pope writes:
Read MoreThe Lord God proclaims that all human life is created in his image and likeness (cf. Genesis 1:26-28). Therefore, human life possesses a sacred and inviolable character, which
Ramon Llull: Medieval Mystic, Philosopher, and Literary Pioneer
Ramon Llull: Life and Spiritual Journey
Ramon Llull, born on Mallorca in 1232, lived until 1316. His lifespan of 84 years was remarkable for his era, as most people lived only until around 50. His father was a nobleman, and Ramon Llull himself experienced a profound spiritual awakening, often described as being ‘born again’. He was educated at the court, where, to become a knight, one had to learn and be an Occitan troubadour.
At age 31, he was married and had two children. He was known to have written
Read MoreEarly Christian Art & Architecture: Origins in the Roman Empire
Early Christian Art: Origins and Development
Early Christian art marks the genesis of a distinct typology of buildings and decorative arts within Western art history.
Historical Context of Early Christianity
Initially, Christianity had very few adherents and was prohibited within the Roman Empire. Originating in Palestine, particularly Bethlehem, the faith gradually expanded and gained followers. Despite severe persecutions against Christians during the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD, their numbers continued
Read MoreFoundations of Catholic Morality: Law, Conscience, Dignity
The Moral Law in Catholic Teaching
The moral law is the work of divine Wisdom. It prescribes for humanity the ways and rules of conduct that lead to promised beatitude, and it proscribes the ways of evil which turn us away from God and His love. It is universal, extending to all people insofar as it is established by reason.
Natural Law and Divine Wisdom
The natural law expresses the dignity of the person and lays the foundations of fundamental duties. The moral law presupposes the rational order,
Read MoreEvolution of Scientific Thought: From Ancient Greece to Modern Mechanics
Greco-Medieval Scientific Thought
This period begins when Greek thinkers moved away from mythological explanations. We must remember that myths were fantastic tales in which the protagonists were gods (in human form) or heroes. These stories purported to explain natural phenomena and, occasionally, social customs. For example, wind was attributed to the action of the god Aeolus.
From the 6th century BCE, the Greeks began to suspect that everything happening in reality could not be the result of the
Read MoreUnderstanding Philosophy: Origins, Branches, and Historical Periods
Philosophy in Ancient Greece
Philosophy was born in ancient Greece between the V-VI century BC. The word itself, philosophy, comes from the Greek words philos (lover) and sophia (wisdom), signifying a desire for knowledge.
Mythological Knowledge
Myths are imaginative stories that attempt to explain the nature of the world. They occupy an important place in the culture of many peoples, providing early descriptions and explanations of the world. Key characteristics of myths include:
- Legendary figures