Essential Measurement and Assessment Terms
Measurement and Assessment Glossary
Basic Concepts
Absolute-score interpretation: a form of interpreting raw scores by comparing them to a defined criterion; a type of interpretation of raw scores used with a criterion-referenced test.
Assessment: the systematic process of obtaining information from data from tests, observations, interviews, and checklists.
Battery: a set of tests, typically administered as a unit, and used to obtain a more complete picture of the individual being tested.
Concept: an
Read MoreChild Development: Heredity, Environment, and Key Stages
1. Child Psychology
1.1 Definition
Child psychology studies the psychological changes throughout the human lifespan. This includes quantitative changes (like height, weight, and vocabulary) and qualitative changes (changes in nature) in typically developing children.
1.2 Objectives
The objectives are to describe, explain, predict, and modify behavior. The focus encompasses the entire lifespan and the psychological changes that occur.
2. Child Development
2.1 Conceptual Determinations
Child development
Read MorePragmatic Language in Specific Language Impairment (SLI)
Pragmatics in Specific Language Impairment (SLI)
Context of the Role of Language
Linguistic, Paralinguistic, and Extralinguistic Aspects
Linguistic
Discourse refers to a series of phrases spoken in a conversation or displayed in a narrative. Discourse can be divided into macro and microstructural levels.
- Social Organization of Discourse: Taking turns (macrostructure of talks), home response.
- Topical Management (linguistic context): Home, maintenance, change, close.
- Corrections (metapragmatic ability):
Understanding Domestic Violence, Psychology, and Study Skills
1. Domestic Violence and Everyday Violence
1.1 Definitions
1.1.1 Domestic Violence
Domestic violence is the psychological and physical abuse of a spouse or child.
1.1.2 Everyday Violence
Everyday violence refers to the daily suffering characterized by disrespect for rules, such as cutting in line, aggression on public transport, long waits for treatment in hospitals, indifference to human suffering, public safety issues, and accidents.
1.2 Causes of Domestic Violence
- Alcoholism: Women are often assaulted
Specific Language Impairment (SLI): Impact on Academic Skills
Specific Language Impairment (SLI) and its Impact on Academic Performance
Expressive Language Features in SLI
Expressive language difficulties in SLI can manifest as alterations in phonology and/or morphosyntax. These may include:
- Limited vocabulary
- Difficulty using personal pronouns, articles, conjunctions, and morphological markers (gender, number)
- Difficulty using tenses
- Inadequate sentence structure
- Problems with working memory, particularly phonological memory and awareness
- Difficulty with non-linguistic
Psychology: Study of Behavior, Cognition, and Mental Processes
Psychology: The Science of Behavior and Experience
Introduction
Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and experience, encompassing how humans and animals feel, think, learn, and adapt to their environment. Modern psychology focuses on gathering data about behavior and experience, organizing it systematically, and developing theories to enhance our understanding. These theories explain human behavior and, in some cases, predict future actions.
Methods in Psychology
Descriptive Methods
- Case Study: