Naturalism and Phenomenology in American Deviance Studies
Matza’s Naturalism
Matza’s naturalism emphasizes remaining faithful to the studied phenomenon. He criticizes other deviance theorists for distorting the reality of deviance by explaining it in ways that don’t align with deviants’ self-perceived motivations. His approach prioritizes accurate descriptions of phenomena as they occur, rather than correcting or reforming them. While acknowledging that deviant actions are motivated by beliefs, Matza recognizes that these beliefs can be false. For example,
Read MoreUnderstanding and Managing Stress
Stress
How do daily disorders contribute to stress? Small annoyances and irritations of everyday life cause feelings such as:
Pressure: From internal and external forces, pushing us to intensify efforts and improve performance.
Frustration: Feeling frustrated when something or someone comes between us and our objectives, delays, failures, or lack of resources.
Conflict: Faced with two or more goals, needs, or opportunities.
Types of Conflict:
- Approach-Approach: Attracted by incompatible goals.
- Avoidance-
Understanding Social Perception and Attribution
Guide Session N° 2
Unit No. 2: Social Perception and Attributions
Components
- Definition
- Psychological Processes
- Social Responsibilities
- Practical Applications
West at a party, an attractive person looks at you and smiles. Is this an invitation to come and start a conversation? Or is smiling because he or she just heard something funny?
You are buying a second-hand car. You ask the owner if anything is broken. He looks into your eyes and says, “This car is in perfect condition.” Would you believe it?
Imagine
Read MoreExploring Mechanical Solidarity and Crime in Social Order
1. Mechanical Solidarity and Similarities
The bond of social solidarity, characterized by repressive law, defines crime as any act that elicits a characteristic reaction from society, termed an offense. While crimes vary, they share a commonality in the societal reaction they provoke, differing only in degree. Regardless of their apparent differences, these acts impact the moral conscience of nations similarly. All constitute crimes, acts repressed by defined punishments.
Analyzing crime requires
Read MoreAntisocial Personality Disorder
1. Personality Disorders
Personality disorders are characterized by a persistent pattern of socially irresponsible behavior, which usually begins in early adolescence, even a little before, during puberty, and reflects disregard, contempt for, and violation of the rights of others, lack of interest or concern for others, lack of remorse for harm they may cause, inability to learn from experience, low frustration tolerance, irritability, and failure to recognize one’s own guilt or responsibility with
Read MoreUnderstanding the Differences: Gifted, Talented, and Precocious
Understanding the Differences: Gifted, Talented, and Precocious
Gifted
The term “gifted” refers to exceptional individuals who exhibit:
- High intellectual capacity and performance
- Exceptional creativity
- Persistence in pursuing tasks until tangible results are achieved
When applied to adults, giftedness signifies achievements, while in children, it typically indicates potential.
Talented
Talent, from a psychometric perspective, refers to specialized skills in specific areas such as art, music, sports, or
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