Understanding Mood Disorders: Symptoms and Classifications

Emotional Health Psychology

Emotion: Sudden and acute affections triggered by a perception (internal or external) or representation, with significant somatic correlation (reaction).

Humor or Mood: A type of affection with progressive onset, slower than emotions. It relates to the psychopathological concept of phase, lasting from hours to weeks or months. Its somatic component doesn’t follow a growing pattern but alters functions like sleep, nutrition, and hormone secretions.

Psychopathology of Feelings

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Crafting a Research Proposal: Essential Components

Essential Components of a Research Proposal

Here are the points that should be included in a research proposal.

  1. Home

  2. Index or Table of Contents

    The index or table of contents is the second appearance in the preliminary investigation. It lists the topics or chapters with their corresponding page numbers for easy location.

  3. Introduction

    The introduction should provide an overview of the research topic, highlighting its relevance. It must include the purpose or objective of the writing and indicate the scope

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Evolution of Human Societies: From Paleolithic to States

Agricultural Society (10,000 years ago)

Hunting led to severe exhaustion and population increase. This forced the use of other resources. Societies became sedentary, leading to a new economy based on asset accumulation and redistribution. Surpluses were stored for the first time. Competitive distributions among leaders and followers emerged, establishing a social hierarchy.

Emergence of the State

Features:

  • Centralized power
  • Highly stratified society (military, religious, administrative, artisans)
  • Clear
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Child Development: From Conception to Birth and Beyond

Evolutionary Changes and Transformations

These changes, inherent to the individual, are observed as differences within the individual over time. Three key characteristics define these transformations:

  1. Universality: Common and observable in all individuals of the same species (e.g., not specific to individual tantrums).
  2. Qualitative: Changes in system organization leading to reorganized system behavior (not merely quantitative growth as suggested by preformationism).
  3. Irreversibility: Changes are cumulative
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Adolescent Development: Physical, Psychological, and Social Aspects

Physical and Psychological Changes in Adults

Adult physical and psychological changes involve not only physical maturation but also shifts in moral reasoning, personality adjustments, and emotional and sexual behavior.

Physical Changes in Puberty

Puberty begins with hormonal secretions, leading to the development of primary sex characteristics (maturation of reproductive organs) and secondary sexual characteristics (non-reproductive traits).

Psychological Changes

During adolescence, there is a strong

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Understanding Behaviorism and Human Psychology

Behaviorism

Behaviorism is a psychological school focusing on observable behaviors, excluding emotions or thoughts. It posits that behaviors can be modified through techniques like behavior modification and rewards and punishments.

Classical Conditioning

Pavlov’s experiment demonstrated classical conditioning. A dog learned to salivate at the sound of a bell, associating it with food.

Watson’s Experiment

Watson used a boy named Hans to show how fear could be conditioned and deconditioned. Initially,

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