Social Sciences Research: Methods and Paradigms
Item 1: Methods in Social Science Research
In the epistemological realm of the Social Sciences, there is no single rigorous, detailed, universal, and manual-like scientific method. The purpose of investigating the Social Sciences is complex, changing, and subjective, encompassing both society and the individual. There are multiple and different scientific methods to seek an approach to social reality to be measured. The methods of sociology are not interchangeable and random but are appropriate in
Read MoreEffective Behavior Modification Techniques in Education
Behavior Modification Techniques:
To behaviorists, the main forms of behavior control are: punishment, reinforcement, and extinction.
1. Withdrawal of Care Misconduct: Serve with:
Reinforcement of appropriate behaviors to inappropriate and incompatible behaviors.
2. Isolation: During time out or a short period of time: 5 to 7 minutes.
3. Punishment: To give something undesirable. Provide an unpleasant consequence for the misconduct. Removing a reward once enjoyed.
4. Reinforcement: Positive and negative
Read MoreUnderstanding OCD and Its Impact on Childhood Development
- Contamination, germs, and dirt.
- Intense fear for oneself or family members.
- Symmetry, order, and accuracy.
- Moral scruples and religious content.
- Concern for waste or body fluids.
- Lucky or unlucky numbers.
- Thoughts, images, or
Understanding the Laws of Perception in Gestalt Psychology
The Collection
The elementary theory is devoted to studying the feelings and is considered part of the contents of perceptions. The sensations are studied as simple and indivisible contents of perception. We now know that this is so because perception involves many factors that should be studied as a whole. Feelings are related to the stimuli triggered by the external or internal environment: noise, odor, flavor, or something that falls before us. These stimuli trigger an activity through the sensory
Human Developmental Psychology: Concepts and Theories
ITEM 7: Introduction to the Psychology of Development
Preliminary Concepts
- Growth: Quantitative physiological changes.
- Maturation: Differentiation and development of biological structures and functional capabilities resulting from the interaction between genetics and experience.
- Development: Functional relationship between behavior change and chronological age. Individual change is multidimensional and multidirectional.
- Learning: Changes caused by external influences.
7.1. The Psychology of Development:
Read MoreExperimental and Quasi-Experimental Research Designs
Pre-experiments
Pre-experiments offer minimal control.
- Case Study with a Single Measurement: A stimulus or treatment is applied to a group, followed by measurement of one or more variables. This design lacks a true experiment’s rigor, with no independent variable manipulation or comparison group, hindering causality establishment and internal validity control.
- Pretest-Posttest Design with a Single Group: A pretest is administered, followed by the stimulus/treatment, and finally a posttest. While offering