Understanding Variables: Types, Roles, and Measurement

Posted by on Jan 5, 2025 in Psychology and Sociology | Comments Off on Understanding Variables: Types, Roles, and Measurement

1. What is a Variable?

A variable is a property that can vary and whose range is capable of being measured.

2. Types of Variables

  • Quantitative or Numerical Variable: A variable that can be measured numerically.
  • Qualitative or Categorical Variable: A variable that can only be classified into categories.
    • Nominal Variable: Indicates a property without any inherent order (e.g., names, gender).
    • Ordinal Variable: Possesses an order between the values (e.g., low, medium, high).
  • Dichotomous Variable: Attributes
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Freud’s Stages of Psychosexual Development in Children

Posted by on Jan 5, 2025 in Psychology and Sociology | Comments Off on Freud’s Stages of Psychosexual Development in Children

Block III

III.4 Affective-Social Development

According to Freud, affective-genital development, or sexual development, goes through several stages: the oral (up to 18 months), anal (from 18 months up to 3 years), the phallic (3 to 6 years), latency (until the first period or ejaculation), and genital (after the first period or ejaculation). Let’s describe each:

Oral Stage

In the oral stage, pleasure is concentrated in the mouth and is structured around the breast. This fact has a substantial impact

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Organizational Socialization: Stages, Content, and Retention

Posted by on Jan 4, 2025 in Psychology and Sociology | Comments Off on Organizational Socialization: Stages, Content, and Retention

Socialization Concept

Socialization is the process through which an individual learns the values, skills, expected behaviors, and social knowledge necessary to take on an organizational role and participate as a member. (Louis, 1980, pp. 229-230).

It’s also the process through which a new employee transitions from an outsider to an internal member, whether entering a new organization or moving to a different role within the same organization. (Cooper-Thomas & Anderson, 2006).

Socialization: Various

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Differential Diagnosis of Schizophrenia and Depression

Posted by on Jan 4, 2025 in Psychology and Sociology | Comments Off on Differential Diagnosis of Schizophrenia and Depression

Schizophrenia Differential Diagnosis

DeficiencyParkinsonDeliriumAmphetamine Use
  • B12
  • Folate
Basal Ganglia problem
  • Fluctuating level of consciousness
  • Altered sleep-wake cycle
  • Negative cognition
  • No true delusion
  • Some auditory hallucinations
Schizoid PersonalityCatatonic SchizophreniaHebephrenic Schizophrenia
  • Auditory hallucinations
  • Personality deterioration
  • Prominent psychomotor issues
  • Catatonic stupor
  • Catatonic excitement
  • Diagnosis in adolescents/young adults
  • Prominent affective charge
  • Unpredictable & inappropriate
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Mental Health Disorders: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment Principles

Posted by on Jan 4, 2025 in Psychology and Sociology | Comments Off on Mental Health Disorders: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment Principles

Affective Disorder Treatment Principles

Depression without Psychosis

  • I- Give Antidepressants: SSRIs (Citalopram/ Fluoxetine)
  • II- Psychotherapy
  • III- Mixed

1st line therapy is AD

If only partial response, add Lithium

Maintain: Continue therapy till the end.

If recurrence, give prophylaxis

Depression with Psychosis

  • Psychotherapy
  • Combine AD + AP
  • Olanzapine – Fluoxetine

Combination AD + AP is better

Dysthymia

  • X: SSRI, TCA, MAO
  • Psychological: Mania
  • Other X: Olanzapine/ Quetiapine/ Risperidone

Suicide: Risk Factors and

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Adolescence: Characteristics, Needs, and Intervention Strategies

Posted by on Jan 3, 2025 in Psychology and Sociology | Comments Off on Adolescence: Characteristics, Needs, and Intervention Strategies

This interaction aims to: increase intimacy, seek new experiences, test maturity, update with peers, and investigate the mysteries of love. Masturbation is often the first sexual experience for many adolescents. This stage is where sexual orientation manifests; attraction to the opposite sex indicates heterosexuality, while attraction to the same sex indicates homosexuality. A primary concern at this early age is the risk of pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections.

Interpersonal relationships

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