Understanding Criminal Behavior: Stress, Association, and Risk
Sources of Stress and its Connection to Criminality
For Merton and the theory of subcultures, a source of tension is the discrepancy between the social objectives that should be sought and the means to achieve them. Agnew, however, identifies three sources:
- Inability to achieve positive social goals: Aspirations vs. actual achievements; Expected rewards vs. real results.
- Deprivation of perks that one has or expects to possess.
- Inevitable negative situations.
This theory states that stress can lead to
Read MoreQualitative Interviews in Social Work: Techniques & Applications
Oral History in Social Work
Although it differs in its aim towards another type of open qualitative interview, it is methodologically very similar. For this reason, we have included it as a type of interview that can be of great interest to the social worker to better contextualize the emergencies experienced by people who require their assistance. The narration can be recorded or, alternatively (in case of rejection by the interviewee), listened to, and log entries can be made. It can range in duration
Read MoreNavigating Organizational Change and Employee Attitudes
Planned vs. Unplanned Change
- Planned Change: Occurs when a change in an organization is anticipated, allowing for advance preparation.
- Unplanned Change: The impact on the organization cannot be anticipated, and specific preparations cannot be made.
Causes for Change
- Relationships with customers
- Relationships with suppliers
- Relationships with employees
- Changes in technology
- Changes in market forces
- Changes in politics and laws
- Internal Forces:
- Top-down direction
- Bottom-up direction
Resistance to Change
- Self-Interest:
Understanding Genetics, Socioeconomic Status, and Child Development
Dominant-Recessive Inheritance
Dominant-Recessive: RR and Rr are both expressed as dominant, but rr is expressed as recessive — Dimples
Incomplete Dominance
Incomplete Dominance: RR expressed as red, rr expressed as white, and Rr expressed as pink — Sickle cell
X-Linked Inheritance
X-Linked Inheritance: The X chromosome holds much more information than the Y. X-linked inheritance is when an illness/disorder is passed down through the gametes (the mother) — Color blindness
Polygenic Inheritance
Polygenic
Read MoreUnderstanding Motivation: Types, Factors, and Strategies
Understanding Motivation: Key Questions and Answers
1. What is the motivation?
R = It explains the initiation, direction, intensity, and persistence of behavior, especially one that is oriented toward specific goals.
2. What elements did behaviorists use to explain motivation?
R = External stimuli and reinforcement through punishment and rewards or incentives.
3. How do you explain humanistic motivation?
R = It emphasizes the whole person in their needs, freedom, self-esteem, sense of competence, capacity
Read MoreUnderstanding Affective Processes: Emotions, Feelings, and Passions
Affective Processes
Emotion
It is a state of great excitement, manifesting complex behavior patterns, which may or may not be oriented towards a goal. Affective states are derived from the perception of past experiences and are not involved in mental activity. These states are intense, short-lived, and often linked to a shock.
Feeling
Feelings can be pleasant or unpleasant, are less intense than emotions, and are linked to intellectual processes. They are individual and of longer duration.
Passion
Passion
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