Positive Psychology: Free Will, Goodness, and Happiness
Positive Psychology
Acknowledgement of Free Will
- Positive psychology acknowledges that we have free will, rather than being determined by internal or external factors.
- We have the ability to choose, grow, and respond actively to events around us.
- Since we have control over our own behavior, happiness is accessible to us all.
- As humans, we are self-directing and adaptive. A good life can be experienced if we use our strengths and virtues to enhance our lives.
Authenticity of Goodness and Excellence
- According
Reinforcement Programs and Learning Types
Types of Reinforcement Programs
- Programs of Reason: Reinforcement depends on the number of responses emitted by the subject.
- Interval Programs: Reinforcement depends on the time since the previous administration of the reinforcing stimulus.
Fixed-Ratio Schedule
In these programs, reinforcement occurs after a fixed number of responses. Examples include salary, hourly study breaks, or giving a reward after a lever press. This leads to a high rate of response, and there is a pause immediately after the
Read MoreUnderstanding Psychogenic Factors and Deviant Behavior
Understanding Psychogenic Factors
In a first approximation, the behavior disorder is due to inadequate development of the superego. As for these individuals, moral values just have not been learned through experience or by repeated punishments. Generally, they have to suffer or adapt their behavior to group norms, reacting continuously at the mercy of their impulses. A second psychological interpretation of the types of conduct disorder is regarded as attempts to avoid intimate situations or problems
Read MoreUnderstanding Learning: Processes and Concepts
Item 1
Learning: Experience is the key to learning.
Learning by association: Connect naturally occurring events in sequence.
External expertise: The coming of sensation and perception.
Inner experience: The one that comes from the mind and has to do with the way we feel the world.
Projection: defense mechanism that is free from internal and painful emotions put into a person from the outside world.
Additional Series: Genetic predisposition and appropriate experience.
Item 2
Freud: I think there
Read MoreKey Child Development Terms: Definitions and Stages
Key Child Development Terms
Kangaroo Care: Method of skin-to-skin contact in which a newborn is laid face down between the mother’s breasts for an hour or so at a time after birth.
Parturition: The act or process of giving birth.
Temperament: Characteristic disposition or style of approaching and reacting to situations.
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
Disorganized-Disoriented Attachment: Pattern in which an infant, after separation from the primary caregiver, shows contradictory, repetitious, or misdirected
Read MoreAvoidant, Dependent, and Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorders
F60.6 Avoidant Personality Disorder (301.82)
A pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inferiority, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by four (or more) of the following:
- 1. Avoids work or activities that involve significant interpersonal contact because of fear of criticism, disapproval, or rejection.
- 2. Is reluctant to get involved with people unless certain of being liked.
- 3. Shows restraint within