Understanding Key Concepts in Freudian Psychology
The Unconscious
The unconscious is a part of the psychic apparatus, included in the first topography. It contains desires, instincts, and memories denied access to consciousness. Its content primarily represents drives.
The Id
The id is one of the three instances described by Freud in his second topography. It represents the instinctual pole of personality, with unconscious contents. The pleasure principle guides its activity, and primary processes dominate it.
The Setting (Fixation)
Fixation involves
Read MoreResearch Fundamentals: Questions, Instruments, and Frameworks
Research Fundamentals
Problem: A question being asked about reality.
Instrument: A mechanism that allows us to obtain information.
Indicator: Survey questions.
Variables: Choices within a question in the survey.
Tab: The process by which information is extracted from our research tool.
Matrix of Research: Where information is deposited.
Hypothesis: A tentative answer to a question. Variables are drawn, including behavior problems, causal variables, and behavior.
Problems guide our investigation. These are
Read MoreUnderstanding Visual Impairment, Intellectual Disabilities, and Learning Disabilities
Visual Impairment
Anatomic or functional disturbances in the sense of vision affecting visual acuity, field of vision, color perception, or binocular visual function. This refers to persons with visual acuity ranging from 20/70 to 20/200.
Definitions
Legally blind: 20/200 in best eye with corrected vision, or <20% visual field (norm is 140-160).
Causes
- Diabetic retinopathy (#1 cause; 80% of juvenile-onset diabetes will experience diabetic retinopathy)
- Glaucoma
- Head trauma
- Macular degeneration
- Cataracts
- Retinitis
Humanistic Psychology & Behavioral Psychology
Humanistic Movement: Carl Rogers
One of the key figures in humanistic psychology, Carl Rogers, developed his theories based on his extensive clinical experience. A central work in his theory is his book, Client-Centered Therapy. In 1961, the American Psychological Association recognized humanistic psychology. Key tenets of Rogers’ approach include:
- The subjective importance of individual experience.
- A belief that every living being strives towards positive goals.
- Emphasis on personal responsibility
Organizational Behavior: Key Concepts and Applications
Organizational Behavior: Key Concepts
Part 1: Introduction to Organizational Behavior
1) Organizational Behavior (OB) is a field of study that seeks to do all of the following except:
- e) Improving technical skills of interpersonal skills.
2) The tasks of a manager include:
- e) All of the previous
3) Which of the following players is not substantially certain to research OB?
- e) Most all of the above are not substantially certain
4) Which of the following is not a challenge or an opportunity for managers today?
Read MoreUnderstanding Research Methods: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed
Research Methods: Key Concepts
Research: Scientific inquiry or investigation; a way to find answers to questions. Research is an exploration of experience, sometimes formal and technical, but not necessarily so.
Qualitative vs. Quantitative Research
Qualitative Research:
- Focuses on questions that are not easily quantifiable.
- Often uses an interpretative approach.
- Common in sociology.
- Deals with complex problems.
Quantitative Research:
- Relies on numerical data and analysis.
- Seeks generalizable findings.
- Often