Adolescent Health: Brain Development, Nutrition, and Resilience

Posted by on Jan 13, 2026 in Psychology and Sociology | 0 comments

As physical and hormonal changes peak, adolescents face critical health choices regarding nutrition and substance use. These issues are deeply interconnected with the developing brain—specifically, the struggle between a seeking “reward system” and a still-maturing “control center” (the prefrontal cortex).

Nutrition and Growth Demands

The “growth spurt” in adolescence creates the highest nutritional demand of any life stage except infancy.

Key Nutrient Requirements

  • Calcium: Essential for achieving
Read More

Foundational Concepts in Psychology and Neuroscience

Posted by on Jan 9, 2026 in Psychology and Sociology | 0 comments

Chapter 1: Psychological Perspectives and Research Methods

Major Schools of Thought

  • Structuralism (Wundt, Titchener): Identify the basic structures of the conscious mind.
  • Functionalism (James, Darwin): Describe how conscious minds adapt to an environment.
  • Psychoanalytic Theory (Freud): Understand how unconscious thoughts cause psychological disorders.
  • Gestalt Psychology (Wertheimer, Kohler): Study subjective perceptions as a unified whole.
  • Behaviorism (Watson, Skinner): Describe behavior response to environmental
Read More

Everyday Lies: How Deception Erodes Trust and Integrity

Posted by on Jan 5, 2026 in Psychology and Sociology | 0 comments

Lying as a Daily Habit

Lying as a Daily Habit: A Critical Analysis of The Ways We Lie. Lying is such a common practice that it often becomes normalized in everyday life. In her essay The Ways We Lie (1992), Stephanie Ericsson argues that lying is not an isolated act but rather a spectrum of strategies we use to protect ourselves, manipulate others, or avoid conflict. Although many lies are justified as necessary or harmless, every lie carries a cost: it erodes trust, distorts communication, and weakens

Read More

Social Inequality and Socialization: Conflict, Agents, Behavior

Posted by on Jan 3, 2026 in Psychology and Sociology | 0 comments

1. Social Inequality & Conflict Theory

  • Starting position: Limited opportunities → fewer points or rewards

  • Real-life analogy: Lower classes have fewer resources → less chance of success

  • Connection to Conflict Theory (Karl Marx): Society = struggle between groups; unequal access to resources maintains social hierarchy

2. Abnormal Socialization

  • Isolated/feral children (extreme neglect): Genie (pseudonym) — lacked language, thought, and social skills

  • Key idea: Human nature depends on nurture; social

Read More

Disability Functioning and Rehabilitation Principles

Posted by on Dec 31, 2025 in Psychology and Sociology | 0 comments

1.1 Human Social Impact of Disability

  • Disability is defined as a medical condition plus social barriers.

  • Consequences include stigma, discrimination, economic burden, caregiver stress, and lack of access (transport, education).

  • Example: A patient with Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) may be medically stable but unable to work due to the absence of ramps or accessible transport.

1.2 International Classification of Functioning (ICF, WHO 2001)

  • Need: To unify the medical and social models of disability.

  • Aims: To

Read More

Fundamentals of Psychology: Behavior and Mental Processes

Posted by on Dec 23, 2025 in Psychology and Sociology | 0 comments

Introduction to Psychology

Today, behavior is influenced by biological influences, psychological influences, and social-cultural influences.

Etymology and Definition

  • Psyche: Mind
  • Logos: Knowledge or study

Definition: The scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

Behavior and Mental Processes

  • Behavior: Overt (i.e., can be directly observed, such as crying).
  • Mental Processes: Covert (i.e., cannot be directly observed, such as remembering).

Psychology is both a science and a profession.

Psychology is

Read More