Research Methods and Techniques
Phenomenological: The direct description of experience as it is.
Methods of Procedures
History: Research from the study of events.
Comparative Research: Observing two or more facts, phenomena, individuals, or classes.
Statistics: Based on the use of statistics to research a subject of study.
Typological: Resembles the comparative method and is used for the development of ideal models.
Functionalist: Emphasizes the relationship and the adjustment between the various components of a culture or society.
Structuralist:
Read MoreUnderstanding Gender Identity and Communication Styles
Gender Identity and Communication Styles
This document explores the concepts of gender identity and communication styles.
Gender Identity
Gender identity refers to the social and personal characteristics of being a man or a woman. It is distinct from biological sex.
- Gender Dysphoria: A condition where one’s gender identity does not align with their biological sex.
- Travesti: A broad term for individuals who may dress or present themselves in the gender of the opposite sex.
- Drag King/Queen: For entertainment
Major Schools of Thought in Psychology
Behaviorism became a dominant school of thought during the 1950s. It was based upon the work of thinkers such as John B. Watson, Iván Pávlov, and Burrhus Frederic Skinner.
Behaviorism suggests that all behavior can be explained by environmental causes rather than by internal forces. Behaviorism is focused on observable behavior. Theories of learning including classical conditioning and operant conditioning were the focus of a great deal of research. The behavioral school of psychology had a significant
Read MoreUnderstanding Poverty and Deviance: Theories and Social Control
– Inequality of conditions: unequal distribution of income, wealth, and material goods (e.g., housing, homelessness). – Inequality of opportunities: unequal distribution of life chances (education, health status, treatment by the criminal justice system). We study it as a problem with 3 dimensions: structural conditions, ideological support, and social reforms.
Explaining Poverty
- Blame the poor: they are responsible for their own poverty. Society has plenty of opportunities for people to work, but
Data Analysis and Research Methods: An Overview
Data Analysis
The collected data can be analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively, depending on how the variables are measured. This is the stage of systematic and reflective analysis of information obtained through the instruments. It is one of the highlights of the research process and involves working with data, collecting and organizing them into manageable units, and synthesizing them to support the research.
Ethics in Educational Research
Science and technology should be subject to ethics,
Read MoreUnderstanding Personal Identity and Development
The Search for Personal Identity
I am he who has three dimensions:
- Cognitive (knowledge)
- Affective (feelings)
- Social (relationship with others)
Freud said that everything was derived from the psychosexual level of the individual; if this works well, a correct identity is established. E. Erikson says that what happens to the adolescent in crisis is that tenderness is felt in response to stimuli, and before this crisis, there is a new identity, making these poles equilibria.
Self-esteem is the way we look
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