Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development & Other Learning Theories
Piaget’s Stage Theory of Cognitive Development
Cognitive Development Principles
Piaget’s theory suggests that cognitive development occurs in stages, each building upon the previous one. The order of stages is consistent, but the pace may vary. Children actively construct their understanding of the world through sensory, motor, and reflex actions.
Key Principles:
- Assimilation: Integrating new information into existing knowledge structures.
- Accommodation: Modifying existing knowledge structures to accommodate
Sociology Study Guide: Chapters 7-14
Chapter 7 – Social Control & Deviance
Definitions
Internalization: The process by which a norm becomes part of an individual’s personality, thus conditioning that individual to conform to society’s expectations.
Sanctions: The rewards & punishments used to reinforce conformity to norms.
Social Control: Enforcing norms through either internal or external means.
Deviance: A behavior that violates significant social norms.
Stigma: A mark of social disgrace that sets a deviant individual apart from
Read MoreSocial Control, Deviance, Stratification, Race, Gender, Family, Economy, Politics, Education, Sport, & Mass Media: A Comprehensive Overview
Chapter 7 – Social Control & Deviance
Definitions
Internalization: The process by which a norm becomes part of an individual’s personality, thus conditioning that individual to conform to society’s expectations.
Sanctions: The rewards & punishments used to reinforce conformity to norms.
Social control: Enforcing of norms through either internal or external means.
Deviance: A behavior that violates significant social norms.
Stigma: A mark of social disgrace that sets a deviant individual apart
Read MoreIntroduction to Sociology: Key Concepts and Theories
Chapter 7: Social Control & Deviance
Definitions
Internalization: The process by which a norm becomes part of an individual’s personality, thus conditioning that individual to conform to society’s expectations.
Sanctions: The rewards & punishments used to reinforce conformity to norms.
Social Control: Enforcing norms through either internal or external means.
Deviance: A behavior that violates significant social norms.
Stigma: A mark of social disgrace that sets a deviant individual apart from
Read MoreClassical and Contemporary Sociological Theories
Rousseau’s Concept of the Individual/Society Relationship
Rousseau believed in the social contract, where individuals agree to certain terms for the betterment of society. This might involve relinquishing some freedoms in exchange for security and social order. Individuals may hold diverse opinions and desires based on their circumstances. Humans adapt to their environment and are shaped by it. Rousseau highlights two driving principles in the state of nature: pity and self-preservation.
Weber’s Key
Read MoreClassical Sociological Theory: Perspectives on Individual, Society, and Power
The Individual and Society: A Sociological Perspective
Rousseau’s Social Contract
Rousseau believed in the social contract, a concept where individuals agree to certain limitations on their freedoms in exchange for the security and benefits of living in a society. This exchange implies that individuals may have to relinquish some personal liberties for the greater good of the collective.
Rousseau also argued that individuals are shaped by their environment and driven by two primary principles: pity
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