PHYS 40B Physics Lab Equation Reference

Posted by on Jun 19, 2026 in Physical Activity and Sports Sciences | 0 comments

PHYS 40B — Complete Equation Cheat Sheet

All equations, rearrangements, and symbol definitions for laboratory coursework.

Lab 1 – Buoyancy

Core Equations

Fluid Forces

  • Ftop = ρfluid · g · h1 · A
  • Fbottom = ρfluid · g · h2 · A

Net Force Equilibrium

  • ΣF = Fbottom – Ftop – Fg = 0

Buoyant Force Definition

  • FB = Fbottom – Ftop = ρfluid · g · Vdisp

Floating Fraction

  • ρobject / ρfluid = Vsub / Vobject

Lab 2 – Simple Harmonic Oscillation

Core Equations

Hooke’s Law

  • F = -k · x
  • m · (d²x/dt²) = -k · x

Angular

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Ethereum Blockchain: Architecture, PoS, and MetaMask

Posted by on May 21, 2026 in Physical Activity and Sports Sciences | 0 comments

Ethereum Blockchain Fundamentals

Ethereum is a decentralized, open-source blockchain platform used for executing smart contracts and developing decentralized applications (DApps). It was proposed by Vitalik Buterin in 2013. Ethereum extends blockchain functionality beyond cryptocurrency by providing a programmable platform.

Core Architecture of the Ethereum Network

  1. Blockchain Layer: Ethereum maintains a distributed ledger where all transactions and smart contract data are stored in blocks connected
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Blockchain Principles, IoT Layers & Industry 4.0 Technologies

Posted by on Mar 2, 2026 in Physical Activity and Sports Sciences | 0 comments

Principles of Blockchain

  • Principle 1: Decentralization – Control is distributed across multiple nodes instead of a single central authority, reducing the risks of failure and manipulation.
  • Principle 2: Immutability – Once data is recorded on the blockchain, it cannot be altered or deleted, ensuring data integrity.
  • Principle 3: Transparency – All transactions are visible and verifiable by network participants, promoting trust and accountability.
  • Principle 4: Security – Cryptographic techniques
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Digital Finance: Blockchain, AI, Big Data, Cybersecurity & FinTech

Posted by on Feb 14, 2026 in Physical Activity and Sports Sciences | 0 comments

Blockchain and distributed ledger technology

Blockchain is a technology created in 2008 by Satoshi Nakamoto together with Bitcoin. It is a distributed digital ledger that records transactions in blocks linked together using cryptography. The main purpose of blockchain is to allow secure transactions without a central authority, creating trust through technology.

Blockchain is based on cryptography, which protects information using hash algorithms and digital signatures. Cryptography ensures confidentiality,

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E-Business Strategy and Platform Analytics Fundamentals

Posted by on Jan 31, 2026 in Physical Activity and Sports Sciences | 0 comments

E-Business Fundamentals (Weeks 1 & 2)

E-Business vs. E-Commerce: Scope and Strategy

1. Understand the concept of e-business and explain how it differs from e-commerce in terms of scope, activities, and strategic focus.

  • E-Commerce (Electronic Commerce): Refers to digitally enabled commercial transactions across organizations or individuals, encompassing the online buying and selling of goods and services.
  • E-Business: Refers to the digital enablement of business processes and transactions not only
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Defective Wiring: Hazard, Peril, or Risk in Property Safety

Posted by on Jan 22, 2026 in Physical Activity and Sports Sciences | 0 comments

Understanding Risk Management Terminology

When discussing property insurance and safety, it is crucial to distinguish between key terms like hazard, peril, and risk. These concepts define how potential losses are categorized and managed.

Classifying Defective House Wiring

Consider the following multiple-choice question related to property safety and insurance principles:

Multiple Choice Question

Defective house wiring is an example of a:

  • hazard.
  • peril.
  • risk.
  • speculation.

Answer and Explanation

The correct

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