Exploring Hume’s Philosophy: Impressions, Ethics, Religion, and Justice
Critical to the Concept of “External World”
Impressions of a supposed reality (the world) are beyond our minds and do not have any print or experience. No impressions can come from an alleged cause or origin of the prints. This is phenomenism and skepticism. Descartes said that the foundation of knowledge is innate ideas. Hume says that the criterion of truth is the beginning of the copy: truth is only an idea that comes from a print. “Substance” is not a certain idea because we do not have any impression
Read MoreAristotle’s Philosophy: Act, Potency, Physics, and Cosmology
Filo 2.2 & 4. Potency and Act
The distinction between potency and act addresses the physical explanation of movement. While Parmenides saw reality as static and Heraclitus viewed it as constant evolution, Plato proposed two worlds: the Sensible (changeable) and the Intelligible (immutable ideas). Aristotle, however, introduced Being (act) and a form of non-being: potency. He believed this explained change in substance, with two aspects: “what is” (act, e.g., a tree) and “what it can become” (
Read MoreThomas Aquinas & His Philosophical Context
St. Thomas Aquinas: Historical Context
The Rise of Christendom
Since the 9th century, Europe saw attempts to unite under a single political power and the Christian faith.
12th Century: The Age of Universities
Church institutions served as professional associations for teachers and trainees, possessing their own laws and privileges. The four faculties were:
- Arts
- Decrees (Law)
- Physics (Medicine)
- Theology (most prestigious)
Papacy and Decline of the Empire
This period witnessed the formation of national dynastic
Read MoreDescartes’ Philosophy and 17th Century Rationalism
Tourism in Spain: Economic and Cultural Benefits
In my opinion, yes. Because in our country there are many beaches and monuments, plenty to see, and tourism revenues are much in our favor because it gives us lots of money. Besides, tourism employs many people because they expand hotels and bars. With more tourism, we also learn from the culture of those who come, such as their language, so they feel more comfortable and want to return. In short, I believe that it is important to attract tourists
Read MoreExploring Key Philosophical Concepts: A Deep Dive
Key Philosophical Concepts
Fundamental Principles
Obvious: This proposition is self-evident, stemming from first principles. First Principles: Refer to the provided definition in the notes.
Proposition/Trial: The act of affirming or denying the identity of two concepts (subject and predicate). Truth or falsity resides only in propositions, not simple concepts.
Subject: The concept about which the predicate is affirmed or denied.
Predicate: The concept affirmed or denied of the subject.
Common Concepts
Notions
Read MoreNietzsche’s Philosophy: Unveiling Reality, Truth, and Becoming
Nietzsche’s Philosophy
Key Concepts
Becoming
This expresses the Heraclitean view of reality as constant change, contrasting with Parmenides and Plato’s principle of identity. Life is characterized by evolution, struggle, and contradiction, while identity represents death.
Concepts
Traditional philosophy views concepts as abstractions representing objects in a general and abstract way. Nietzsche, however, sees them as empty grammatical constructs that deny reality by unifying the sensible.
Lie
Lying is
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