Employment Contracts: Rights, Types, and Equality
The relationship between a worker and an employer is formalized through an employment contract. This contract distinguishes between the employee, always a natural person, and the employer, which may be an individual or a juridical entity. For the contract to be valid, both parties must be able to assume rights and obligations according to the law. The employment relationship is characterized by alienation, dependency, and retribution. If any of these aspects are missing, the relationship cannot
Read MoreImmanuel Kant: Philosophy, Ethics, and the Categorical Imperative
Kant’s Philosophical Context
Kant is the greatest eighteenth-century German philosopher and one of the most enthusiastic proponents of the Enlightenment. Note the huge task that Kant intends: criticism, subjecting theoretical reason and practical reason to rigorous scrutiny. As a result of this, he will bring a dazzling synthesis of rationalism and empiricism as far as theoretical reason is concerned, and a new ethical theory, formalism, which breaks all previous approaches. Such amount of contributions
Read MoreTruth Criteria, Philosophy History: From Myth to Logos
Criteria of Truth as Correspondence
- Perception and Direct Experience: The data obtained through the basic senses provide vital information. Gestalt psychology concluded that the human mind processes sensory information, rebuilds, and orders it. They distinguished between sensation (information received by the senses) and perception (the same information after the mind has processed it).
- Scientific Ascertainment: The scientific method provides facts through experiments and observations. Science has
Analysis of the Declaration of Independence
What was Jefferson’s stated reason for writing the Declaration?
The purpose is to explain why it was necessary for the US to dissolve its political ties and become a separate nation.
According to Jefferson, what is a people’s duty when their government is abusive?
It is their duty to overthrow the government and establish safeguards to prevent future abuses.
Why does Jefferson begin with human rights before discussing specific grievances?
Jefferson is setting the stage to contrast the rights the colonists
Read MoreProfessional Deontology: Ethics, Morality, and Corporate Impact
Professional Deontology
Deontology: Deontology is an ethical theory that uses rules to distinguish right from wrong. Some moral rules should never be broken.
Consequentialism: Morality is about doing whatever has the best consequences, even breaking some moral rules to achieve the best result. Consequentialists differ on what constitutes the Good: Utilitarians focus on pleasure/happiness, while Pluralists consider the distribution of the Good among people. Deontologists and consequentialists have
Read MoreMachiavelli’s Political Philosophy and the Shift from Medieval to Renaissance Thought
Machiavelli’s Political Philosophy: A Departure from Ethical Norms
Machiavelli signifies a shift from the earlier belief that politics could not exist outside of ethics. With Machiavelli comes the separation between ethics and politics, introducing a double standard of morality and an anthropologically pessimistic view of human nature. This perspective posits that man is inherently evil, a being solely driven by self-interest. Any ruler must acknowledge this, and any politician aiming to maintain
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