Kant’s Philosophy: Legal Freedom, Copernican Revolution, and Morality
Kant’s Core Philosophical Concepts
Legal Freedom: Kant defines it as “the right not to obey any foreign law but as far as I could give my consent.”
The State must ensure the exercise of freedom through law.
For the law to be sound and agreed upon, members of a state are not subjects but citizens. The law makes free citizens, who are subordinate only to the law and have previously given their consent, and makes them equal before the law.
Finally, the law grants citizens legal personality.
The Copernican
Read MoreUnderstanding Culture, Human Selection, and Adaptation
Culture and Its Impact
In a basic sense, culture encompasses the knowledge, beliefs, customs, and inventions of humanity. This includes:
- Tools, techniques, and technological advancements.
- Knowledge, beliefs, and creative expressions, such as language and art.
- Social customs, like greetings, dances, and systems of rewards and punishments.
While biological evolution allows living beings to adapt to their environment, cultural evolution enables humans to modify their environment to suit their needs.
This
Read MoreAristotle’s Philosophy: A Critique of Plato’s Doctrine
Historical Context of Aristotle’s Philosophy
The intellectual work of Aristotle developed in the 4th century BC. Greece had defeated Persia in the Greco-Persian Wars. However, Athens suffered a defeat by Sparta in the Peloponnesian War. This was a time of crisis for the Greek ideal of the polis. A new power emerged, governed by Philip, who conquered all of Greece. Philip, aware of Aristotle’s prestige, appointed him as tutor to his son, Alexander the Great. Alexander continued his father’s work,
Read MoreKant’s Critique of Pure Reason: Beauty and Transcendentalism
The Critique of Pure Reason: Beauty and the Transcendental Analytic
Sensitivity: The Aesthetic
In the Critique of Pure Reason, Immanuel Kant distinguishes three faculties of knowledge: sensibility, understanding, and reason. These faculties correspond to three types of knowledge, which Kant explores in the sections titled Aesthetic, Analytic, and Dialectic, respectively.
In the Aesthetic, Kant considers sensibility and how aesthetic judgments are possible as synthetic a priori judgments in mathematics.
Read MoreAquinas & Machiavelli: Faith, Reason, and Statecraft
Aquinas: Faith, Reason, and Divine Revelation
Thomas Aquinas was a prominent theologian and philosopher of the thirteenth century, a leading figure of Scholasticism. He developed a model for the relationship between faith and reason, granting significant authority to philosophy and incorporating much of Aristotle’s thought.
The Necessity of Divine Revelation
Aquinas argued that human salvation requires the infallible revelation of God. He posited that theology is essential for salvation, as reason
Read MoreShareholder Rights and Corporate Governance in Spain
Pre-Registration Contracts
- Contracts made in the corporation’s name and on its behalf prior to its registration in the Commercial Register may generally be accepted by the corporation within three months of registration.
- Irregular company: Irregularity may appear once the first year from the deed has passed. General Partnership (S.C.) rules shall govern it if the scope of business is of a commercial character (or *sociedad civil*, in the case of a civil scope of business). (Articles 39-40 CCL)