Understanding Instrument Development and Evaluation in Education

Instrument Planning

Planning is crucial for organizing the design stages when developing an educational instrument.

Steps to Making an Instrument

  1. Determine the purpose
  2. Define a sample of the performances to be observed
  3. Specify the conditions of measurement
  4. Develop the specification table
  5. Formulate questions, situations, indicators, etc., ensuring alignment with the planned objectives

Difficulty and Complexity of an Instrument

Difficulty

Difficulty refers to the required level of specific content knowledge

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Understanding Marketing and Organizational Behavior: Theories and Techniques

MARKETING THE FORMAL ORGANIZATION

The configuration is intentionally done to differentiate tasks and responsibilities, establishing a structure to achieve the company’s objectives. This organization coordinates and organizes all activities, material, and human resources. It is a structured organization where every person has a specific task, so employees spend their time fulfilling their duties and do not compete with each other by leveling up, etc. That is why authority relations, information, work

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Planning, Control, Communication & Decision Making in Business

Planning

Planning: The process followed to determine exactly what the organization will do to achieve its goals.

Planning Classes: There are several classifications of planning. According to Stoner, managers use two basic types of planning: strategic planning and operational planning.

  • Strategic Planning: Designed to meet the overall goals of the organization.
  • Operational Planning: Shows how to implement strategic plans in daily life.

Strategic and operational plans are linked to the organization’s mission,

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Organizational Structures and Concepts: A Comprehensive Guide

Objectives of the organization: The means by which an organization’s activities become a unified set that seeks to satisfy personal needs.

Organizational structure: The distribution and management of all the elements that make up an organization.

Vertical organization: The distribution of levels of authority and responsibility; defines and brands organizational functions according to established law and the specificity of the institution.

Horizontal organization: Focuses on the organizational aspects

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Organizational Management: Concepts, Processes, and Tools

Legitimate power: conceived by the hierarchy

Reward: give or withhold rewards (salaries, bonuses)
Coercive: force compliance by means of emotional, physical threat, or psychologically (can lower their pay, it cannot work if they are not afraid)
Referent: personal power that accrues to someone based on identification, imitation, loyalty, or charisma.
Expert: derived from possession of information or expertise (solving something easily or quickly)
Charisma: interpersonal attraction that inspires support
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Integrated Enterprise-Wide Data Model, ERP, and System Development

Week 8: Integrated Enterprise-Wide Data Model

An integrated enterprise-wide data model represents a merging of the separate data models for all the company’s applications (including AIS) into one single database. This creates a one-stop data facility that provides a unified view of data and enables data sharing across functionalities (departments). Benefits include using a basic account code for travel and another code for purpose. Valuable information can be extracted using queries. An unintegrated

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