A History of Early Western Music: From Psalms to Polyphony
Early Music Practices
The psalms were probably performed responsorially, meaning a soloist sang the verses, with a choir or congregation singing the refrain, such as “Alleluia.” Another practice was antiphony, in which two groups of choirs sang alternating psalm verses.
Gregorian Music (4th-9th Centuries)
The early, monophonic liturgical music in this early period of official Christianity didn’t exist in the form of one unified style. From the 6th century, the Roman Rite became dominant and normative
Read MoreExploring Space, Time, and Rhythm in Movement
The Partial Space
The partial space is the space we feel is ours. There’s a chance encounter with another partial space, making it a common area.
Imaginary Axes:
- Vertical
- Horizontal Transverse
- Anteroposterior Horizontal
Considering these axes as a reference, we obtain three basic dimensions and six directions of motion:
- Vertical Dimension: Up and down
- Transverse Dimension: Left and right
- Sagittal Dimension: Forward and backward
Plans arising from the combination of two axes:
- Vertical Plane
- Horizontal Plane
- Sagittal
Exploring Space, Time, and Rhythm in Movement and Music
The Partial Space
The partial space is the space we feel like is our own. There is a chance encounter with another partial space, making it a common area.
Imaginary Axes:
- Vertical
- Horizontal Transverse
- Anteroposterior Horizontal
Considering these axes as a reference, we obtain three basic dimensions and six directions of motion:
- Vertical Dimension: Up and down
- Transverse Dimension: Left and right
- Sagittal Dimension: Forward and backward
Planes arising from the combination of two axes:
- Vertical Plane
- Horizontal
Imitation and Paraphrasing in Literary Translation
Imitation and Paraphrases
Imitation itself (‘mimesis’) is a form of copy, a ‘travesty’ that gives us back the same content and style as the original text. It is a substitution, in the sense of imitating something, but above all a form of continuous and natural addiction in literature.
In imitation, we find different degrees:
Replay
To say the same but in different words. We invent, imagine… We substitute a few words with others (equivalent to those of the original text) to create a new text.
Copy
It
Read MoreSpanish Baroque Literature: A Comprehensive Guide
1. Society and Culture of the 17th Century
During the reigns of Philip III and Philip IV, the Spanish Empire began to suffer from military failures and the consequences of armed conflicts, such as the struggle against the Protestants, which politically and economically weakened the empire.
Economically, there was financial impoverishment and a decline in industry, banking, and business. Agriculture also entered a period of crisis, worsening the living conditions of working peasants.
Socially, tensions
Read MoreA Journey Through Love, Loss, and Redemption: A Collection of Heartfelt Songs
What’s Up
25 years and my life is still
Trying to get up that great big hill of hope
For a destination
And I realized quickly when I knew I should
That the world was made up of this brotherhood of man
For whatever that means
And so I cry sometimes
When I’m lying in bed
Just to get it all out
What’s in my head
And I am feeling a little peculiar
And so I wake in the morning
And I step outside
And I take a deep breath and I get real high
And I scream at the top of my lungs
What’s going on?
And I say,
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